Pheromone binding protein: Difference between revisions

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Nurit Eliash, Michal Harel

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 ==Introduction==
 <StructureSection load='3bfa' size='340' side='right' caption='Pheromone binding protein of ''Apis mellifera'' scene=''>
-As the most ancient sense in nature, smell and chemical communication play a major role in successful mating, host and selection and other essential behaviors.
-The detection of volatiles (often a small hydrophobic molecules) starts by
-Pheromone binding proteins are soluble proteins invovled in the early stages of pheromone detection.
+Pheromone binding proteins [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheromone_binding_protein (PBP)] are type of Odorant binding proteins [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odorant-binding_protein (OBP)] - soluble proteins mediating the early stages of volatiles detection in both insects and vertebrates
-As a model protein of this family we will further describe the well investigated Pheromone binding protein of the honey bee.
+<ref>DOI:10.3389/fphys.2014.00320</ref>.
+The volatiles (pheromones and other small hydrophobic molecules) are solubilized by the OBPs and activate the chemoreceptors.
+As a model protein of this family we will further describe the well investigated Pheromone binding protein of the honey bee, ASP1.
+== Pheromone-binding protein ASP1 ==
 Chemical communication is crucial in social insects, where a complicated and delicate system of signals must be maintained in order to preserve the fragile equilibrium between the queen and the workers.
-In the hive of the honey bee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apis_mellifera ''Apis mellifera''] this equilibrium exists partially due to the extraction of blend of substances called queen mandibular pheromone [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_bee_pheromones#Queen_mandibular_pheromone (QMP)], by the queen. The three major component of the QMP blend are: 9-keto-2(E)-decenoic acid (9-ODA) and 9-hydroxy-2(E)-decenoic acid (9-HDA R-(−) or S-(+)).
+In the hive of the honey bee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apis_mellifera ''Apis mellifera''] this equilibrium exists partially due to the extraction of blend of substances called queen mandibular pheromone [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_bee_pheromones#Queen_mandibular_pheromone (QMP)], by the queen <ref>Winston, M.L., 1987. The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.</ref>. The three major component of the QMP blend are: 9-keto-2(E)-decenoic acid (9-ODA) and 9-hydroxy-2(E)-decenoic acid (9-HDA R-(−) or S-(+)).
+Pheromone-binding protein [http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9U9J6/ ASP] of the honeybee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apis_mellifera ''Apis mellifera''] L. (Hymenoptera: Apidea) was first isolated and characterized by Danty ''et al''. (1998)<ref>DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.048</ref> from the bee antennae.
+Pheromone-binding protein [http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9U9J6/ ASP] of the honeybee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apis_mellifera ''Apis mellifera''] L. (Hymenoptera: Apidea) was first isolated and characterized by Danty ''et al''. (1998)<ref>DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.048</ref> from the bee antennae.
+== Structure ==
+The protein is composed of 144 amino acids, which forms 6 alpha helices. Three <scene name='60/609542/Disulfide_bonds/1'>3 disulfide bonds</scene> tied four helices: disulfide 20–51 between H1 and H3, 47– 98 between H3 and H6, and 107–89 between H6 and H5.
+== Interaction with the ligand 9-ODA==
+<scene name='60/609542/9-oda/3'>9-ODA</scene>
+The carboxyl end of the component 9-ODA points towards the solvent, and has no any interaction with residues of the protein. The residues in the binding site are <scene name='60/609542/Binding_site/3'>hydrophobic</scene>
+, and the connection between 9-ODA and ASP1 involve hydrogen bonds.
 ----
-<scene name='60/609542/Disulfide_bonds/1'>3 disulfide bonds</scene>
-<scene name='60/609542/9-oda/3'>9-ODA</scene>
 <scene name='60/609542/Glycerol/2'>Glycerol</scene>
-<scene name='60/609542/Binding_site/3'>hydrophobic</scene>
-Pheromone-binding protein [http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9U9J6/ ASP] of the honeybee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apis_mellifera ''Apis mellifera''] L. (Hymenoptera: Apidea) was first isolated and characterized by Danty ''et al''. (1998)<ref>DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.048</ref> from the bee antennae.
 or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.