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{{STRUCTURE_1azx| PDB=1azx |  SCENE=  }}
==ANTITHROMBIN/PENTASACCHARIDE COMPLEX==
===ANTITHROMBIN/PENTASACCHARIDE COMPLEX===
<StructureSection load='1azx' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1azx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.90&Aring;' scene=''>
{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_9405673}}
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1azx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AZX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AZX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NTP:HEPARIN+PENTASACCHARIDE'>NTP</scene><br>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1azx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1azx OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1azx RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1azx PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANT3_HUMAN ANT3_HUMAN]] Defects in SERPINC1 are the cause of antithrombin III deficiency (AT3D) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613118 613118]]. AT3D is an important risk factor for hereditary thrombophilia, a hemostatic disorder characterized by a tendency to recurrent thrombosis. AT3D is classified into 4 types. Type I: characterized by a 50% decrease in antigenic and functional levels. Type II: has defects affecting the thrombin-binding domain. Type III: alteration of the heparin-binding domain. Plasma AT-III antigen levels are normal in type II and III. Type IV: consists of miscellaneous group of unclassifiable mutations.<ref>PMID:7734359</ref> [:]<ref>PMID:3191114</ref> <ref>PMID:9031473</ref> <ref>PMID:6582486</ref> <ref>PMID:3080419</ref> <ref>PMID:3805013</ref> <ref>PMID:3179438</ref> <ref>PMID:3162733</ref> <ref>PMID:2781509</ref> <ref>PMID:2365065</ref> <ref>PMID:2229057</ref> <ref>PMID:2013320</ref> <ref>PMID:1906811</ref> <ref>PMID:1555650</ref> <ref>PMID:1547341</ref> <ref>PMID:8443391</ref> <ref>PMID:8486379</ref> <ref>PMID:7981186</ref> <ref>PMID:7959685</ref> <ref>PMID:8274732</ref> <ref>PMID:7994035</ref> <ref>PMID:7989582</ref> [:]<ref>PMID:7878627</ref> <ref>PMID:7832187</ref> <ref>PMID:9157604</ref> <ref>PMID:9845533</ref> <ref>PMID:9759613</ref> <ref>PMID:10997988</ref> <ref>PMID:11794707</ref> <ref>PMID:11713457</ref> <ref>PMID:12353073</ref> <ref>PMID:12595305</ref> <ref>PMID:12894857</ref> <ref>PMID:15164384</ref> <ref>PMID:16908819</ref>  
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANT3_HUMAN ANT3_HUMAN]] Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory activity is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin.<ref>PMID:15853774</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/az/1azx_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Antithrombin, a plasma serpin, is relatively inactive as an inhibitor of the coagulation proteases until it binds to the heparan side chains that line the microvasculature. The binding specifically occurs to a core pentasaccharide present both in the heparans and in their therapeutic derivative heparin. The accompanying conformational change of antithrombin is revealed in a 2.9-A structure of a dimer of latent and active antithrombins, each in complex with the high-affinity pentasaccharide. Inhibitory activation results from a shift in the main sheet of the molecule from a partially six-stranded to a five-stranded form, with extrusion of the reactive center loop to give a more exposed orientation. There is a tilting and elongation of helix D with the formation of a 2-turn helix P between the C and D helices. Concomitant conformational changes at the heparin binding site explain both the initial tight binding of antithrombin to the heparans and the subsequent release of the antithrombin-protease complex into the circulation. The pentasaccharide binds by hydrogen bonding of its sulfates and carboxylates to Arg-129 and Lys-125 in the D-helix, to Arg-46 and Arg-47 in the A-helix, to Lys-114 and Glu-113 in the P-helix, and to Lys-11 and Arg-13 in a cleft formed by the amino terminus. This clear definition of the binding site will provide a structural basis for developing heparin analogues that are more specific toward their intended target antithrombin and therefore less likely to exhibit side effects.


==Disease==
The anticoagulant activation of antithrombin by heparin.,Jin L, Abrahams JP, Skinner R, Petitou M, Pike RN, Carrell RW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14683-8. PMID:9405673<ref>PMID:9405673</ref>
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANT3_HUMAN ANT3_HUMAN]] Defects in SERPINC1 are the cause of antithrombin III deficiency (AT3D) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613118 613118]]. AT3D is an important risk factor for hereditary thrombophilia, a hemostatic disorder characterized by a tendency to recurrent thrombosis. AT3D is classified into 4 types. Type I: characterized by a 50% decrease in antigenic and functional levels. Type II: has defects affecting the thrombin-binding domain. Type III: alteration of the heparin-binding domain. Plasma AT-III antigen levels are normal in type II and III. Type IV: consists of miscellaneous group of unclassifiable mutations.<ref>PMID:7734359</ref>[:]<ref>PMID:3191114</ref><ref>PMID:9031473</ref><ref>PMID:6582486</ref><ref>PMID:3080419</ref><ref>PMID:3805013</ref><ref>PMID:3179438</ref><ref>PMID:3162733</ref><ref>PMID:2781509</ref><ref>PMID:2365065</ref><ref>PMID:2229057</ref><ref>PMID:2013320</ref><ref>PMID:1906811</ref><ref>PMID:1555650</ref><ref>PMID:1547341</ref><ref>PMID:8443391</ref><ref>PMID:8486379</ref><ref>PMID:7981186</ref><ref>PMID:7959685</ref><ref>PMID:8274732</ref><ref>PMID:7994035</ref><ref>PMID:7989582</ref>[:]<ref>PMID:7878627</ref><ref>PMID:7832187</ref><ref>PMID:9157604</ref><ref>PMID:9845533</ref><ref>PMID:9759613</ref><ref>PMID:10997988</ref><ref>PMID:11794707</ref><ref>PMID:11713457</ref><ref>PMID:12353073</ref><ref>PMID:12595305</ref><ref>PMID:12894857</ref><ref>PMID:15164384</ref><ref>PMID:16908819</ref>  


==Function==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANT3_HUMAN ANT3_HUMAN]] Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory activity is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin.<ref>PMID:15853774</ref>  
</div>
 
==About this Structure==
[[1azx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AZX OCA].


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Antithrombin|Antithrombin]]
*[[Antithrombin|Antithrombin]]
 
== References ==
==Reference==
<references/>
<ref group="xtra">PMID:009405673</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Abrahams, J P.]]
[[Category: Abrahams, J P.]]

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