5gds: Difference between revisions
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==HIRUNORMS ARE TRUE HIRUDIN MIMETICS. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ALPHA-THROMBIN:HIRUNORM V COMPLEX== | |||
<StructureSection load='5gds' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5gds]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10Å' scene=''> | |||
== Structural highlights == | |||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5gds]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5GDS OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5GDS FirstGlance]. <br> | |||
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AIB:ALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC+ACID'>AIB</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ALC:2-AMINO-3-CYCLOHEXYL-PROPIONIC+ACID'>ALC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=BAL:BETA-ALANINE'>BAL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CHG:CYCLOHEXYL-GLYCINE'>CHG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DAL:D-ALANINE'>DAL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DGL:D-GLUTAMIC+ACID'>DGL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HMF:2-AMINO-4-PHENYL-BUTYRIC+ACID'>HMF</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAL:BETA-(2-NAPHTHYL)-ALANINE'>NAL</scene></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin Thrombin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.21.5 3.4.21.5] </span></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5gds FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5gds OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5gds RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5gds PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== Disease == | |||
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN]] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613679 613679]]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.<ref>PMID:14962227</ref> <ref>PMID:6405779</ref> <ref>PMID:3771562</ref> <ref>PMID:3567158</ref> <ref>PMID:3801671</ref> <ref>PMID:3242619</ref> <ref>PMID:2719946</ref> <ref>PMID:1354985</ref> <ref>PMID:1421398</ref> <ref>PMID:1349838</ref> <ref>PMID:7865694</ref> <ref>PMID:7792730</ref> Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/601367 601367]]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.<ref>PMID:15534175</ref> Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/188050 188050]]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/614390 614390]]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.<ref>PMID:11506076</ref> | |||
== Function == | |||
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN]] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.<ref>PMID:2856554</ref> | |||
== Evolutionary Conservation == | |||
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | |||
Check<jmol> | |||
<jmolCheckbox> | |||
<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/gd/5gds_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | |||
<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | |||
<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | |||
</jmolCheckbox> | |||
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf]. | |||
<div style="clear:both"></div> | |||
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | |||
== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
A novel class of synthetic, multisite-directed thrombin inhibitors, known as hirunorms, has been described recently. These compounds were designed to mimic the binding mode of hirudin, and they have been proven to be very strong and selective thrombin inhibitors. Here we report the crystal structure of the complex formed by human alpha-thrombin and hirunorm V, a 26-residue polypeptide containing non-natural amino acids, determined at 2.1 A resolution and refined to an R-factor of 0.176. The structure reveals that the inhibitor binding mode is distinctive of a true hirudin mimetic, and it highlights the molecular basis of the high inhibitory potency (Ki is in the picomolar range) and the strong selectivity of hirunorm V. Hirunorm V interacts through the N-terminal tetrapeptide with the thrombin active site in a nonsubstrate mode; at the same time, this inhibitor specifically binds through the C-terminal segment to the fibrinogen recognition exosite. The backbone of the N-terminal tetrapeptide Chg1"-Val2"-2-Nal3"-Thr4" (Chg, cyclohexyl-glycine; 2-Nal, beta-(2-naphthyl)-alanine) forms a short beta-strand parallel to thrombin main-chain residues Ser214-Gly219. The Chg1" side chain fills the S2 subsite, Val2" is located at the entrance of S1, whereas 2-Nal3" side chain occupies the aryl-binding site. Such backbone orientation is very close to that observed for the N-terminal residues of hirudin, and it is similar to that of the synthetic retro-binding peptide BMS-183507, but it is opposite to the proposed binding mode of fibrinogen and of small synthetic substrates. Hirunorm V C-terminal segment binds to the fibrinogen recognition exosite, similarly to what observed for hirudin C-termninal tail and related compounds. The linker polypeptide segment connecting hirunorm V N-and C-terminal regions is not observable in the electron density maps. The crystallographic analysis proves the correctness of the design and it provides a compelling proof on the interaction mechanism for this novel class of high potency multisite-directed synthetic thrombin inhibitors. | |||
Hirunorms are true hirudin mimetics. The crystal structure of human alpha-thrombin-hirunorm V complex.,De Simone G, Lombardi A, Galdiero S, Nastri F, Della Morte R, Staiano N, Pedone C, Bolognesi M, Pavone V Protein Sci. 1998 Feb;7(2):243-53. PMID:9521099<ref>PMID:9521099</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
</div> | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Thrombin|Thrombin]] | *[[Thrombin|Thrombin]] | ||
== References == | |||
== | <references/> | ||
__TOC__ | |||
</StructureSection> | |||
[[Category: Homo sapiens]] | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | ||
[[Category: Thrombin]] | [[Category: Thrombin]] | ||
[[Category: Bolognesi, M | [[Category: Bolognesi, M]] | ||
[[Category: Galdiero, S | [[Category: Galdiero, S]] | ||
[[Category: Lombardi, A | [[Category: Lombardi, A]] | ||
[[Category: Morte, R Della | [[Category: Morte, R Della]] | ||
[[Category: Nastri, F | [[Category: Nastri, F]] | ||
[[Category: Pavone, V | [[Category: Pavone, V]] | ||
[[Category: Pedone, C | [[Category: Pedone, C]] | ||
[[Category: Simone, G De | [[Category: Simone, G De]] | ||
[[Category: Staiano, N | [[Category: Staiano, N]] | ||
[[Category: Antithrombotic]] | [[Category: Antithrombotic]] | ||
[[Category: Blood coagulation]] | [[Category: Blood coagulation]] | ||
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[[Category: Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex]] | [[Category: Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex]] | ||
[[Category: Serine protease-inhibitor complex]] | [[Category: Serine protease-inhibitor complex]] | ||
[[Category: Thrombin synthetic inhibitor]] | [[Category: Thrombin synthetic inhibitor]] | ||