Tutorial:Basic Chemistry Topics: Difference between revisions
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='''Types of Bonds'''= | ='''Types of Bonds'''= | ||
There are three common types of bonds. These bonds include a hydrogen bond, covalent bond, or an ionic bond. The strongest bond is a covalent bond, followed by the ionic bond, which leaves the weakest bond to be the hydrogen bond. | |||
*Covalent bonds, the strongest type of bond, involve the sharing of electrons between two molecules/atoms. An example of a covalent bond is shown here. This is the amino acid Arginine. Amino Acids are discussed in a later section; this representation is only used to show a covalent bond. The Red molecule is Oxygen, the grey molecules are carbons and the blue molecules are nitrogen’s. All of these atoms are covalently bound. The carbons, nitrogen’s, and oxygen are all sharing electrons with their adjacent atoms. These bonds are very stable. | *Covalent bonds, the strongest type of bond, involve the sharing of electrons between two molecules/atoms. An example of a covalent bond is shown here. This is the amino acid Arginine. Amino Acids are discussed in a later section; this representation is only used to show a covalent bond. The Red molecule is Oxygen, the grey molecules are carbons and the blue molecules are nitrogen’s. All of these atoms are covalently bound. The carbons, nitrogen’s, and oxygen are all sharing electrons with their adjacent atoms. These bonds are very stable. | ||
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*An ionic bond is an attraction between two molecules of opposite charge. The opposite charges are positive (+) and negative (-). A positively charged atom is referred to as a cation, and a negatively charged atom is referred to as an anion. In this representation the pink depicts the negatively charged (anionic/acidic) portion of the molecule and the yellow represents the positively charged (cationic/basic) portion of the molecule. Through this representation you will notice that the charges are evenly distributed. They are evenly distributed because the positive and negative charges are attracted to one and other, while the positive-positive and negative-negative repel each other. The repulsion of common charges and the attraction of opposite charges evenly distribute the charges between one and other. | *An ionic bond is an attraction between two molecules of opposite charge. The opposite charges are positive (+) and negative (-). A positively charged atom is referred to as a cation, and a negatively charged atom is referred to as an anion. In this representation the pink depicts the negatively charged (anionic/acidic) portion of the molecule and the yellow represents the positively charged (cationic/basic) portion of the molecule. Through this representation you will notice that the charges are evenly distributed. They are evenly distributed because the positive and negative charges are attracted to one and other, while the positive-positive and negative-negative repel each other. The repulsion of common charges and the attraction of opposite charges evenly distribute the charges between one and other. | ||
<scene name='Tutorial:Basic_Chemistry_Topics/Ionic_bond/3'>Ionic bonds</scene> | |||
*Hydrogen Bonds, the weakest of bonds, are attractive interactions between an electronegative atom and hydrogen. Electronegative atoms are atoms that have high electron density. They are strong atoms that pull electrons towards them from weaker/low electron density atoms, such as hydrogen. When the electronegative atom pulls the electrons, it leaves the other atom with a slightly positive charge. Water is the most common example of hydrogen bonding. The water molecule chemical formula is H2O. The highly electronegative oxygen pulls the hydrogen closer by attracting hydrogen’s electrons and allowing the formation of a water droplet. The electronegative atoms allow for the droplet to be held together instead of spreading. In this representation the hydrogen bonds are represented as yellow-dashed lines. The hydrogen bonds are important to the stability of the secondary structures. | *Hydrogen Bonds, the weakest of bonds, are attractive interactions between an electronegative atom and hydrogen. Electronegative atoms are atoms that have high electron density. They are strong atoms that pull electrons towards them from weaker/low electron density atoms, such as hydrogen. When the electronegative atom pulls the electrons, it leaves the other atom with a slightly positive charge. Water is the most common example of hydrogen bonding. The water molecule chemical formula is H2O. The highly electronegative oxygen pulls the hydrogen closer by attracting hydrogen’s electrons and allowing the formation of a water droplet. The electronegative atoms allow for the droplet to be held together instead of spreading. In this representation the hydrogen bonds are represented as yellow-dashed lines. The hydrogen bonds are important to the stability of the secondary structures. | ||