Ion channels: Difference between revisions
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'''Ion channels''' translate ionic fluxes across cell membrane into electrical impulses. MscL and MscS are large- and small-conductance mechanosensitive channels which protect bacteria from osmotic shock by allowing ions to flow across the cell membrane. | '''Ion channels''' translate ionic fluxes across cell membrane into electrical impulses. MscL and MscS are large- and small-conductance mechanosensitive channels which protect bacteria from osmotic shock by allowing ions to flow across the cell membrane. | ||
Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels (VDCC) allow Ca to enter the cell resulting in muscle contraction, neuron excitation or hormone release. VDCC are composed of several subunits and are named as a Cav gene product. The human annexin V molecule serves as a calcium channel. There are also Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels (VDAC). Chloride ion channels (ClCh) are involved in maintaining pH, volume homeostasis and more. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGIC) open or close when binding a ligand like a neurotransmitter. The Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated channel (CNGC) conduct cations upon binding of cAMP or cGMP. The Acid-Sensitive channels (ASC) conduct cations upon binding of acid. The glycerol facilitator (GlpF) is a protein channel which transports glycerol across the cell membrane of ''E. coli''. Other ion channel proteins are the aquaporins, gramicidin, antiamoebin, trichotoxin, peptaibol and the glutamate receptor. | Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels (VDCC) allow Ca to enter the cell resulting in muscle contraction, neuron excitation or hormone release. VDCC are composed of several subunits and are named as a Cav gene product. The human annexin V molecule serves as a calcium channel. There are also Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels (VDAC). Chloride ion channels (ClCh) are involved in maintaining pH, volume homeostasis and more. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGIC) open or close when binding a ligand like a neurotransmitter. The Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated channel (CNGC) conduct cations upon binding of cAMP or cGMP. The Acid-Sensitive channels (ASC) conduct cations upon binding of acid. The glycerol facilitator (GlpF) is a protein channel which transports glycerol across the cell membrane of ''E. coli''. Other ion channel proteins are the aquaporins, gramicidin, antiamoebin, trichotoxin, peptaibol and the glutamate receptor. | ||
''Update November 2011'' | |||
=== Potassium channel === | === Potassium channel === | ||
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=== Calcium channel === | === Calcium channel === | ||
[[3bxx]] – rCav2.1 | [[3bxx]] – rCav2.1 α 1A subunit+calmodulin<br /> | ||
[[3bxl]] - rCav2.3 | [[3bxl]] - rCav2.3 α 1E subunit+calmodulin<br /> | ||
[[2f3y]], [[2f3z]], [[2be6]] – hCav1.2 | [[2f3y]], [[2f3z]], [[2be6]] – hCav1.2 α 1C subunit+calmodulin<br /> | ||
[[1t0h]] – rVDCC | [[1t0h]] – rVDCC β 2A subunit <br /> | ||
[[1t0j]] – rVDCC | [[1t0j]] – rVDCC β 2A+α 1C <br /> | ||
[[1vyt]] - rVDCC | [[1vyt]] - rVDCC β 3+α 1C <br /> | ||
[[1vyu]] – rVDCC | [[1vyu]] – rVDCC β 3<br /> | ||
[[1vyv]] - rVDCC | [[1vyv]] - rVDCC β 4<br /> | ||
[[1t3l]] - raVDCC | [[1t3l]] - raVDCC β 2+α 1S – rabbit<br /> | ||
[[1t3s]] - raVDCC | [[1t3s]] - raVDCC β 2<br /> | ||
[[2d46]] – hVDCC | [[2d46]] – hVDCC β 4a – NMR<br /> | ||
[[3dve]], [[3dvj]], [[3dvk]], [[3dvm]], [[3g43]] - rCav2.2 | [[3dve]], [[3dvj]], [[3dvk]], [[3dvm]], [[3g43]] - rCav2.2 α 1B subunit+hCalmodulin<br /> | ||
[[3oxq]] - hCav2.1 | [[3oxq]] - hCav2.1 α 1C subunit IQ domain+hCalmodulin<br /> | ||
[[2vay]] - hCav1.1 | [[2vay]], [[3oxq]] - hCav1.1 α 1S subunit IQ domain+hCalmodulin<br /> | ||
[[1hvd]], [[1hve]], [[1hvf]], [[1hvg]] – hAnnexin V (mutant) | [[1hvd]], [[1hve]], [[1hvf]], [[1hvg]] – hAnnexin V (mutant) | ||
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=== Chloride channel === | === Chloride channel === | ||
[[1rk4]] - hClCh protein 1<br /> | [[1rk4]], [[3swl]] - hClCh protein 1<br /> | ||
[[3o3t]], [[3p8w]], [[3p90]], [[1k0o]], [[3qr6]] - hClCh protein 1 (mutant)<br /> | [[3o3t]], [[3p8w]], [[3p90]], [[1k0o]], [[3qr6]], [[3tgz]] - hClCh protein 1 (mutant)<br /> | ||
[[2per]], [[2r4v]], [[2r5g]] - hClCh protein 2<br /> | [[2per]], [[2r4v]], [[2r5g]] - hClCh protein 2<br /> | ||
[[3kjy]], [[3fy7]] - hClCh protein 3 residues 1-230<br /> | [[3kjy]], [[3fy7]] - hClCh protein 3 residues 1-230<br /> | ||
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=== Ligand-gated ion channel === | === Ligand-gated ion channel === | ||
[[2vl0]] – | [[2vl0]] – EcLGIC – ''Erwinia chrysanthemi''<br /> | ||
[[2yks]] - EcLGIC (mutant)<br /> | |||
[[2xq3]], [[2xq4]], [[2xq5]], [[2xq6]], [[2xq7]], [[2xqa]], [[2xq8]] – GvLGIC+inhibitor – ''Gloeobacter violaceus''<br /> | [[2xq3]], [[2xq4]], [[2xq5]], [[2xq6]], [[2xq7]], [[2xqa]], [[2xq8]] – GvLGIC+inhibitor – ''Gloeobacter violaceus''<br /> | ||
[[3eam]], [[3ehz]] – GvLGIC<br /> | [[3eam]], [[3ehz]] – GvLGIC<br /> | ||
[[3igq]] – GvLGIC N-terminal<br /> | [[3igq]] – GvLGIC N-terminal<br /> | ||
[[2xq9]] – GvLGIC (mutant)+inhibitor<br /> | [[2xq9]] – GvLGIC (mutant)+inhibitor<br /> | ||
[[3p4w]], [[3p50]] – GvLGIC + general anaesthetic<br /> | |||
[[3lsv]] – GvLGIC (mutant) | [[3lsv]] – GvLGIC (mutant) | ||
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[[3bpz]] - mCNGC 2 ligand-binding domain <br /> | [[3bpz]] - mCNGC 2 ligand-binding domain <br /> | ||
[[2zd9]], [[3beh]] - MlCNGC<br /> | [[2zd9]], [[3beh]] - MlCNGC<br /> | ||
[[2ptm]] - CNGC C-terminal - ''Strongylocentratus purpuratus'' | [[2ptm]] - CNGC C-terminal - ''Strongylocentratus purpuratus''<br /> | ||
[[3co2]] - MlCNGC ligand-binding domain (mutant) – ''Mesorhizobium loti''<br /> | |||
[[3beh]] - MlCNGC | |||