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[[Image:2azx.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2azx|  PDB=2azx  |  SCENE=  }}
'''Charged and uncharged tRNAs adopt distinct conformations when complexed with human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase'''


==Charged and uncharged tRNAs adopt distinct conformations when complexed with human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase==
<StructureSection load='2azx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2azx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2azx]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus Bos taurus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2AZX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2AZX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.8&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MSE:SELENOMETHIONINE'>MSE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TRP:TRYPTOPHAN'>TRP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2azx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2azx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2azx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2azx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2azx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2azx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYWC_HUMAN SYWC_HUMAN] Isoform 1, isoform 2 and T1-TrpRS have aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. Isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity whereas isoform 1 lacks it. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression.<ref>PMID:11773626</ref> <ref>PMID:1373391</ref> <ref>PMID:11773625</ref> <ref>PMID:14630953</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/az/2azx_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2azx ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Aminoacylation of tRNA is the first step of protein synthesis. Here, we report the co-crystal structure of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNATrp. This enzyme is reported to interact directly with elongation factor 1alpha, which carries charged tRNA to the ribosome. Crystals were generated from a 50/50% mixture of charged and uncharged tRNATrp. These crystals captured two conformations of the complex, which are nearly identical with respect to the protein and a bound tryptophan. They are distinguished by the way tRNA is bound. In one, uncharged tRNA is bound across the dimer, with anticodon and acceptor stem interacting with separate subunits. In this cross-dimer tRNA complex, the class I enzyme has a class II-like tRNA binding mode. This structure accounts for biochemical investigations of human TrpRS, including species-specific charging. In the other conformation, presumptive aminoacylated tRNA is bound only by the anticodon, the acceptor stem being free and having space to interact precisely with EF-1alpha, suggesting that the product of aminoacylation can be directly handed off to EF-1alpha for the next step of protein synthesis.


==Overview==
Two conformations of a crystalline human tRNA synthetase-tRNA complex: implications for protein synthesis.,Yang XL, Otero FJ, Ewalt KL, Liu J, Swairjo MA, Kohrer C, RajBhandary UL, Skene RJ, McRee DE, Schimmel P EMBO J. 2006 Jun 21;25(12):2919-29. Epub 2006 May 25. PMID:16724112<ref>PMID:16724112</ref>
Aminoacylation of tRNA is the first step of protein synthesis. Here, we report the co-crystal structure of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNATrp. This enzyme is reported to interact directly with elongation factor 1alpha, which carries charged tRNA to the ribosome. Crystals were generated from a 50/50% mixture of charged and uncharged tRNATrp. These crystals captured two conformations of the complex, which are nearly identical with respect to the protein and a bound tryptophan. They are distinguished by the way tRNA is bound. In one, uncharged tRNA is bound across the dimer, with anticodon and acceptor stem interacting with separate subunits. In this cross-dimer tRNA complex, the class I enzyme has a class II-like tRNA binding mode. This structure accounts for biochemical investigations of human TrpRS, including species-specific charging. In the other conformation, presumptive aminoacylated tRNA is bound only by the anticodon, the acceptor stem being free and having space to interact precisely with EF-1alpha, suggesting that the product of aminoacylation can be directly handed off to EF-1alpha for the next step of protein synthesis.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2AZX is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2AZX OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2azx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Two conformations of a crystalline human tRNA synthetase-tRNA complex: implications for protein synthesis., Yang XL, Otero FJ, Ewalt KL, Liu J, Swairjo MA, Kohrer C, RajBhandary UL, Skene RJ, McRee DE, Schimmel P, EMBO J. 2006 Jun 21;25(12):2919-29. Epub 2006 May 25. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16724112 16724112]
*[[Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 3D structures|Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Tryptophan--tRNA ligase]]
[[Category: Ewalt KL]]
[[Category: Ewalt, K L.]]
[[Category: Kohrer C]]
[[Category: Kohrer, C.]]
[[Category: Liu J]]
[[Category: Liu, J.]]
[[Category: McRee DE]]
[[Category: McRee, D E.]]
[[Category: Otero FJ]]
[[Category: Otero, F J.]]
[[Category: RajBhandary UL]]
[[Category: RajBhandary, U L.]]
[[Category: Schimmel P]]
[[Category: Schimmel, P.]]
[[Category: Skene RJ]]
[[Category: Skene, R J.]]
[[Category: Swairjo MA]]
[[Category: Swairjo, M A.]]
[[Category: Yang XL]]
[[Category: Yang, X L.]]
[[Category: Association complex and dissociation complex]]
[[Category: Two synthetase-trna complex with distinct conformation]]
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