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Flagellar protein: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Flagellum1 800px.jpg|left|thumb|The bacterial flagellum consists of a filament, a universal joint (hook), and a motor (basal body).|200px]]<br />
[[Image:Flagellum1 800px.jpg|left|thumb|The bacterial flagellum consists of a filament, a universal joint (hook), and a motor (basal body).|200px]]<br />
Flagella (singular: flagellum) enable bacteria to swim towards sources of nutrition, and away from sources of toxins. Such directed motility is termed ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis chemotaxis]''. Rapid swimming helps [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellovibrio Bdellovibrio] penetrate and parasitize their host bacteria, but flagella are not always essential for virulence<ref name="virulence1">PMID: 2152887</ref>. Flagella are important in responses to quorum sensing<ref name="quorum1">PMID: 15449604</ref> and biofilm formation<ref name="biofilms1">PMID: 19231189</ref><ref name="biofilms2">PMID: 17416647</ref>. Flagella may also be involved in functions other than motility<ref name="otherfunctions">PMID: 17920274</ref>.
Flagella (singular: flagellum) enable bacteria to swim towards sources of nutrition, and away from sources of toxins. Such directed motility is termed ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis chemotaxis]''. Rapid swimming helps [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellovibrio Bdellovibrio] penetrate and parasitize their host bacteria, but flagella are not always essential for virulence<ref name="virulence1">PMID: 2152887</ref>. Flagella are important in responses to quorum sensing<ref name="quorum1">PMID: 15449604</ref> and biofilm formation<ref name="biofilms1">PMID: 19231189</ref><ref name="biofilms2">PMID: 17416647</ref>. Flagella may also be involved in functions other than motility<ref name="otherfunctions">PMID: 17920274</ref>.
*'''FliD''' egulates filament assembly by chaperoning flagellin proteins<ref>PMID: 19231189</ref>.
*'''FlgA''' is essential for P-ring formation in ''Salmonella'' and ''E. coli''<ref>PMID: 27273476</ref>.
*'''FlgD''' is essential for hook assembly in ''Salmonella''<ref>PMID: 8157595</ref>.
*'''FlgE''' is the subunit of the hook that connects the basal body and the filament<ref>PMID: 36941455</ref>.
*'''FlgG''' is a rod protein in ''Salmonella''<ref>PMID: 15136044</ref>.
*'''FlgJ''' functions as a lytic beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase<ref>PMID: 25248745</ref>.
*'''FlgK''' and '''FlgL''' have a role in the smooth connectivity between the hook and the filament<ref>PMID: 29147015</ref>.
*'''FlhA''' serves as a docking platform for flagellar chaperones in complex with their filament-type substrates<ref>PMID: 34059784</ref>.
*'''FlhB''' is a component of the flagellar secretion system and has a role in protein export<ref>PMID: 23874605</ref>.
*'''FlhE''' acts as chaperone to regulate flow of proteins through the flagellar type III secretion system<ref>PMID: 22435757</ref>.
*'''FlhF''' is a signal recognition particle-like GTPase regulating flagellar number and polarity<ref>PMID: 32039533</ref>.
*'''FliD''' regulates filament assembly by chaperoning [[Flagellin]] proteins<ref>PMID: 27664419</ref>.  It is the component of the cap at the tip of the external filament<ref>PMID: 8683574</ref>.
*'''FliG''' is a cytoplasmic protein which binds to the transmembranal '''FliF''' to form the cytoplasmic flagellar ring<ref>PMID: 22670715</ref>.
*'''FliH''', '''FliI''' and '''FliJ''' make an ATPase complex which is part of the flagellar export apparatus<ref>PMID: 26916245</ref>.
*'''FliL''' is part of the motor stator in ''Helicobacter''<ref>PMID: 35046042</ref>.
*'''FliM''' is involved in the clockwise rotation of the flagellar motor<ref>PMID: 9356251</ref>.
*'''FliN''' with '''FliM''' and '''FliG''' form the switch complex that functions in flagellar assembly, rotation and switcing<ref>PMID: 16547037</ref>.
*'''FliP''', '''FliQ''' and '''FliR''' are  part of the membrane-embedded flagellar export apparatus<ref>PMID: 29076571</ref>.
*'''FliS''' is a flagellin specific type III secretion system chaperone that facilitates the export of flagellin<ref>PMID: 12620624</ref>.
*'''FliT''' is a flagellin specific type III secretion system chaperone that facilitates the export of FliD<ref>PMID: 22111876</ref>.
*'''FliY''' is part of the ''B. subtilis'' switch complex<ref>PMID: 1447979</ref>.
*'''FlcpA''' and '''FcpB''' are flagellar coiling proteins of leptospira<ref>PMID: 27113476</ref>,<ref>PMID: 29868490</ref> .
 
For further information, please see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum Flagellum at Wikipedia].
For further information, please see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum Flagellum at Wikipedia].
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==3D structures of flagellar protein==
==3D structures of flagellar protein==
[[Flagellar protein 3D structures]]
[[Flagellar protein 3D structures]]
</StructureSection>


====Lists of Flagellar Structures====
====Lists of Flagellar Structures====

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Eric Martz, Fadel A. Samatey, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman, Jaime Prilusky
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