1m54: Difference between revisions

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New page: left|200px<br /> <applet load="1m54" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" caption="1m54, resolution 2.90Å" /> '''CYSTATHIONINE-BETA ...
 
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[[Image:1m54.gif|left|200px]]<br />
<applet load="1m54" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true"
caption="1m54, resolution 2.90&Aring;" />
'''CYSTATHIONINE-BETA SYNTHASE: REDUCED VICINAL THIOLS'''<br />


==Overview==
==CYSTATHIONINE-BETA SYNTHASE: REDUCED VICINAL THIOLS==
Elevated levels of homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, are, correlated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimers, disease and with neural tube defects. The only route for the catabolic, removal of homocysteine in mammals begins with the pyridoxal phosphate-, (PLP-) dependent beta-replacement reaction catalyzed by cystathionine, beta-synthase. The enzyme has a b-type heme with unusual spectroscopic, properties but as yet unknown function. The human enzyme has a modular, organization and can be cleaved into an N-terminal catalytic core, which, retains both the heme and PLP-binding sites and is highly active, and a, C-terminal regulatory domain, where the allosteric activator, S-adenosylmethionine is presumed to bind. Studies with the isolated, recombinant enzyme and in transformed human liver cells indicate that the, enzyme is approximately 2-fold more active under oxidizing conditions. In, addition to heme, the enzyme contains a CXXC oxidoreductase motif that, could, in principle, be involved in redox sensing. In this study, we have, examined the role of heme versus the vicinal thiols in modulating the, redox responsiveness of the enzyme. Deletion of the heme domain leads to, loss of redox sensitivity. In contrast, substitution of either cysteine, with a non-redox-active amino acid does not affect the responsiveness of, the enzyme to reductants. We also report the crystal structure of the, catalytic core of the enzyme in which the vicinal cysteines are reduced, without any discernible differences in the remainder of the protein. The, structure of the catalytic core is compared to those of other members of, the fold II family of PLP-dependent enzymes and provides insights into, active site residues that may be important in interacting with the, substrates and intermediates.
<StructureSection load='1m54' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1m54]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1m54]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1M54 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1M54 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.9&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PLP:PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PLP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1m54 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1m54 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1m54 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1m54 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1m54 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1m54 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CBS_HUMAN CBS_HUMAN] Defects in CBS are the cause of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency (CBSD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/236200 236200]. CBSD is an enzymatic deficiency resulting in altered sulfur metabolism and homocystinuria. The clinical features of untreated homocystinuria due to CBS deficiency include myopia, ectopia lentis, mental retardation, skeletal anomalies resembling Marfan syndrome, and thromboembolic events. Light skin and hair can also be present. Biochemical features include increased urinary homocystine and methionine.<ref>PMID:1301198</ref> <ref>PMID:8353501</ref> <ref>PMID:7506602</ref> <ref>PMID:7981678</ref> <ref>PMID:7849717</ref> <ref>PMID:7967489</ref> <ref>PMID:7611293</ref> <ref>PMID:7762555</ref> <ref>PMID:7635485</ref> <ref>PMID:8528202</ref> <ref>PMID:7564249</ref> <ref>PMID:8755636</ref> <ref>PMID:8803779</ref> <ref>PMID:9156316</ref> <ref>PMID:9361025</ref> <ref>PMID:8990018</ref> <ref>PMID:9266356</ref> <ref>PMID:10462600</ref> <ref>PMID:10215408</ref> <ref>PMID:9889017</ref> <ref>PMID:10408774</ref> <ref>PMID:11013450</ref> <ref>PMID:11359213</ref> <ref>PMID:11553052</ref> <ref>PMID:12007221</ref> <ref>PMID:12124992</ref> <ref>PMID:12815602</ref> <ref>PMID:14635102</ref> <ref>PMID:15146473</ref> <ref>PMID:15365998</ref> <ref>PMID:15993874</ref> <ref>PMID:16205833</ref> <ref>PMID:16429402</ref> <ref>PMID:21520339</ref> <ref>PMID:21240075</ref>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CBS_HUMAN CBS_HUMAN] Only known pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that contains heme. Important regulator of hydrogen sulfide, especially in the brain, utilizing cysteine instead of serine to catalyze the formation of hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a gastratransmitter with signaling and cytoprotective effects such as acting as a neuromodulator in the brain to protect neurons against hypoxic injury (By similarity).
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/m5/1m54_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1m54 ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>


==Disease==
==See Also==
Known diseases associated with this structure: Homocystinuria, B6-responsive and nonresponsive types OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=236200 236200]], Thrombosis, hyperhomocysteinemic OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=236200 236200]]
*[[Cystathionine β-synthase 3D structures|Cystathionine β-synthase 3D structures]]
 
== References ==
==About this Structure==
<references/>
1M54 is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] with PLP and HEM as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligands ligands]. Active as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystathionine_beta-synthase Cystathionine beta-synthase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=4.2.1.22 4.2.1.22] Full crystallographic information is available from [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1M54 OCA].
__TOC__
 
</StructureSection>
==Reference==
Human cystathionine beta-synthase is a heme sensor protein. Evidence that the redox sensor is heme and not the vicinal cysteines in the CXXC motif seen in the crystal structure of the truncated enzyme., Taoka S, Lepore BW, Kabil O, Ojha S, Ringe D, Banerjee R, Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 20;41(33):10454-61. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=12173932 12173932]
[[Category: Cystathionine beta-synthase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Banerjee, R.]]
[[Category: Banerjee R]]
[[Category: Kabil, O.]]
[[Category: Kabil O]]
[[Category: Lepore, B.W.]]
[[Category: Lepore BW]]
[[Category: Ojha, S.]]
[[Category: Ojha S]]
[[Category: Ringe, D.]]
[[Category: Ringe D]]
[[Category: Taoka, S.]]
[[Category: Taoka S]]
[[Category: HEM]]
[[Category: PLP]]
[[Category: plp and heme bound to protein]]
[[Category: plp protein fold type ii (tryptophan synthase)]]
[[Category: reduced vicinal cysteines]]
 
''Page seeded by [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Mon Nov 12 18:07:33 2007''

Latest revision as of 11:31, 10 April 2024

CYSTATHIONINE-BETA SYNTHASE: REDUCED VICINAL THIOLSCYSTATHIONINE-BETA SYNTHASE: REDUCED VICINAL THIOLS

Structural highlights

1m54 is a 6 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.9Å
Ligands:,
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

CBS_HUMAN Defects in CBS are the cause of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency (CBSD) [MIM:236200. CBSD is an enzymatic deficiency resulting in altered sulfur metabolism and homocystinuria. The clinical features of untreated homocystinuria due to CBS deficiency include myopia, ectopia lentis, mental retardation, skeletal anomalies resembling Marfan syndrome, and thromboembolic events. Light skin and hair can also be present. Biochemical features include increased urinary homocystine and methionine.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35]

Function

CBS_HUMAN Only known pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that contains heme. Important regulator of hydrogen sulfide, especially in the brain, utilizing cysteine instead of serine to catalyze the formation of hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a gastratransmitter with signaling and cytoprotective effects such as acting as a neuromodulator in the brain to protect neurons against hypoxic injury (By similarity).

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Kozich V, Kraus JP. Screening for mutations by expressing patient cDNA segments in E. coli: homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(2):113-23. PMID:1301198 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380010206
  2. ↑ Kozich V, de Franchis R, Kraus JP. Molecular defect in a patient with pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jun;2(6):815-6. PMID:8353501
  3. ↑ Hu FL, Gu Z, Kozich V, Kraus JP, Ramesh V, Shih VE. Molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in pyridoxine responsive and nonresponsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Nov;2(11):1857-60. PMID:7506602
  4. ↑ de Franchis R, Kozich V, McInnes RR, Kraus JP. Identical genotypes in siblings with different homocystinuric phenotypes: identification of three mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase using an improved bacterial expression system. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jul;3(7):1103-8. PMID:7981678
  5. ↑ Marble M, Geraghty MT, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Valle D. Characterization of a cystathionine beta-synthase allele with three mutations in cis in a patient with B6 nonresponsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Oct;3(10):1883-6. PMID:7849717
  6. ↑ Kraus JP. Komrower Lecture. Molecular basis of phenotype expression in homocystinuria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(4):383-90. PMID:7967489
  7. ↑ Shih VE, Fringer JM, Mandell R, Kraus JP, Berry GT, Heidenreich RA, Korson MS, Levy HL, Ramesh V. A missense mutation (I278T) in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene prevalent in pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria and associated with mild clinical phenotype. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jul;57(1):34-9. PMID:7611293
  8. ↑ Sebastio G, Sperandeo MP, Panico M, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Andria G. The molecular basis of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Italian families, and report of four novel mutations. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jun;56(6):1324-33. PMID:7762555
  9. ↑ Kluijtmans LA, Blom HJ, Boers GH, van Oost BA, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP. Two novel missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in homocystinuric patients. Hum Genet. 1995 Aug;96(2):249-50. PMID:7635485
  10. ↑ Kruger WD, Cox DR. A yeast assay for functional detection of mutations in the human cystathionine beta-synthase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Jul;4(7):1155-61. PMID:8528202
  11. ↑ Sperandeo MP, Panico M, Pepe A, Candito M, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Andria G, Sebastio G. Molecular analysis of patients affected by homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: report of a new mutation in exon 8 and a deletion in intron 11. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(2):211-4. PMID:7564249
  12. ↑ Kluijtmans LA, Boers GH, Stevens EM, Renier WO, Kraus JP, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP, Blom HJ. Defective cystathionine beta-synthase regulation by S-adenosylmethionine in a partially pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria patient. J Clin Invest. 1996 Jul 15;98(2):285-9. PMID:8755636 doi:10.1172/JCI118791
  13. ↑ Sperandeo MP, Candito M, Sebastio G, Rolland MO, Turc-Carel C, Giudicelli H, Dellamonica P, Andria G. Homocysteine response to methionine challenge in four obligate heterozygotes for homocystinuria and relationship with cystathionine beta-synthase mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1996;19(3):351-6. PMID:8803779
  14. ↑ Dawson PA, Cox AJ, Emmerson BT, Dudman NP, Kraus JP, Gordon RB. Characterisation of five missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene from three patients with B6-nonresponsive homocystinuria. Eur J Hum Genet. 1997 Jan-Feb;5(1):15-21. PMID:9156316
  15. ↑ Kim CE, Gallagher PM, Guttormsen AB, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Ose L, Folling I, Whitehead AS, Tsai MY, Kruger WD. Functional modeling of vitamin responsiveness in yeast: a common pyridoxine-responsive cystathionine beta-synthase mutation in homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Dec;6(13):2213-21. PMID:9361025
  16. ↑ Aral B, Coude M, London J, Aupetit J, Chasse JF, Zabot MT, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Kamoun P. Two novel mutations (K384E and L539S) in the C-terminal moiety of the cystathionine beta-synthase protein in two French pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria patients. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(1):81-2. PMID:8990018 doi:<81::AID-HUMU18>3.0.CO;2-L 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:1<81::AID-HUMU18>3.0.CO;2-L
  17. ↑ Kozich V, Janosik M, Sokolova J, Oliveriusova J, Orendac M, Kraus JP, Elleder D. Analysis of CBS alleles in Czech and Slovak patients with homocystinuria: report on three novel mutations E176K, W409X and 1223 + 37 del99. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Jul;20(3):363-6. PMID:9266356
  18. ↑ Tsai MY, Wong PW, Garg U, Hanson NQ, Schwichtenberg K. Two Novel Mutations in the Cystathionine beta-synthase Gene of Homocystinuric Patients. Mol Diagn. 1997 Jun;2(2):129-133. PMID:10462600 doi:10.1054/MODI00200129
  19. ↑ Gordon RB, Cox AJ, Dawson PA, Emmerson BT, Kraus JP, Dudman NP. Mutational analysis of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene: a splicing mutation, two missense mutations and an insertion in patients with homocystinuria. Mutations in brief no. 120. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):332. PMID:10215408 doi:<332::AID-HUMU16>3.0.CO;2-P 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)11:4<332::AID-HUMU16>3.0.CO;2-P
  20. ↑ Gallagher PM, Naughten E, Hanson NQ, Schwichtenberg K, Bignell M, Yuan M, Ward P, Yap S, Whitehead AS, Tsai MY. Characterization of mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in Irish patients with homocystinuria. Mol Genet Metab. 1998 Dec;65(4):298-302. PMID:9889017 doi:10.1006/mgme.1998.2771
  21. ↑ de Franchis R, Kraus E, Kozich V, Sebastio G, Kraus JP. Four novel mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene: effect of a second linked mutation on the severity of the homocystinuric phenotype. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):453-7. PMID:10408774 doi:<453::AID-HUMU4>3.0.CO;2-K 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:6<453::AID-HUMU4>3.0.CO;2-K
  22. ↑ Gat-Yablonski G, Mandel H, Fowler B, Taleb O, Sela BA. Homocystinuria in the Arab population of Israel: identification of two novel mutations using DGGE analysis. Hum Mutat. 2000 Oct;16(4):372. PMID:11013450 doi:<372::AID-HUMU12>3.0.CO;2-J 10.1002/1098-1004(200010)16:4<372::AID-HUMU12>3.0.CO;2-J
  23. ↑ Janosik M, Oliveriusova J, Janosikova B, Sokolova J, Kraus E, Kraus JP, Kozich V. Impaired heme binding and aggregation of mutant cystathionine beta-synthase subunits in homocystinuria. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jun;68(6):1506-13. Epub 2001 May 15. PMID:11359213 doi:10.1086/320597
  24. ↑ Castro R, Heil SG, Rivera I, Jakobs C, de Almeida IT, Blom HJ. Molecular genetic analysis of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in Portuguese homocystinuria patients: three novel mutations. Clin Genet. 2001 Aug;60(2):161-3. PMID:11553052
  25. ↑ Maclean KN, Gaustadnes M, Oliveriusova J, Janosik M, Kraus E, Kozich V, Kery V, Skovby F, Rudiger N, Ingerslev J, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Kraus JP. High homocysteine and thrombosis without connective tissue disorders are associated with a novel class of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) mutations. Hum Mutat. 2002 Jun;19(6):641-55. PMID:12007221 doi:10.1002/humu.10089
  26. ↑ Gaustadnes M, Wilcken B, Oliveriusova J, McGill J, Fletcher J, Kraus JP, Wilcken DE. The molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Australian patients: genotype-phenotype correlations and response to treatment. Hum Mutat. 2002 Aug;20(2):117-26. PMID:12124992 doi:10.1002/humu.10104
  27. ↑ Urreizti R, Balcells S, Rodes M, Vilarinho L, Baldellou A, Couce ML, Munoz C, Campistol J, Pinto X, Vilaseca MA, Grinberg D. Spectrum of CBS mutations in 16 homocystinuric patients from the Iberian Peninsula: high prevalence of T191M and absence of I278T or G307S. Hum Mutat. 2003 Jul;22(1):103. PMID:12815602 doi:10.1002/humu.9153
  28. ↑ Kruger WD, Wang L, Jhee KH, Singh RH, Elsas LJ 2nd. Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Georgia (USA): correlation of clinical and biochemical phenotype with genotype. Hum Mutat. 2003 Dec;22(6):434-41. PMID:14635102 doi:10.1002/humu.10290
  29. ↑ Orendae M, Pronicka E, Kubalska J, Janosik M, Sokolova J, Linnebank M, Koch HG, Kozich V. Identification and functional analysis of two novel mutations in the CBS gene in Polish patients with homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 2004 Jun;23(6):631. PMID:15146473 doi:10.1002/humu.9249
  30. ↑ Linnebank M, Janosik M, Kozich V, Pronicka E, Kubalska J, Sokolova J, Linnebank A, Schmidt E, Leyendecker C, Klockgether T, Kraus JP, Koch HG. The cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) mutation c.1224-2A>C in Central Europe: Vitamin B6 nonresponsiveness and a common ancestral haplotype. Hum Mutat. 2004 Oct;24(4):352-3. PMID:15365998 doi:10.1002/humu.9280
  31. ↑ Porto MP, Galdieri LC, Pereira VG, Vergani N, da Rocha JC, Micheletti C, Martins AM, Perez AB, Almeida VD. Molecular analysis of homocystinuria in Brazilian patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Dec;362(1-2):71-8. Epub 2005 Jul 5. PMID:15993874 doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2005.05.030
  32. ↑ Lee SJ, Lee DH, Yoo HW, Koo SK, Park ES, Park JW, Lim HG, Jung SC. Identification and functional analysis of cystathionine beta-synthase gene mutations in patients with homocystinuria. J Hum Genet. 2005;50(12):648-54. Epub 2005 Oct 5. PMID:16205833 doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0312-2
  33. ↑ Urreizti R, Asteggiano C, Cozar M, Frank N, Vilaseca MA, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Functional assays testing pathogenicity of 14 cystathionine-beta synthase mutations. Hum Mutat. 2006 Feb;27(2):211. PMID:16429402 doi:10.1002/humu.9395
  34. ↑ Cozar M, Urreizti R, Vilarinho L, Grosso C, Dodelson de Kremer R, Asteggiano CG, Dalmau J, Garcia AM, Vilaseca MA, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Identification and functional analyses of CBS alleles in Spanish and Argentinian homocystinuric patients. Hum Mutat. 2011 Jul;32(7):835-42. doi: 10.1002/humu.21514. Epub 2011 Jun 7. PMID:21520339 doi:10.1002/humu.21514
  35. ↑ Kwok JS, Fung SL, Lui GC, Law EL, Chan MH, Leung CB, Tang NL. CBS gene mutations found in a Chinese pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria patient. Pathology. 2011 Jan;43(1):81-3. doi: 10.1097/PAT.0b013e3283419dbb. PMID:21240075 doi:10.1097/PAT.0b013e3283419dbb

1m54, resolution 2.90Å

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