7n4q: Difference between revisions
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==Bruton's tyrosine kinase in complex with compound 45== | ==Bruton's tyrosine kinase in complex with compound 45== | ||
<StructureSection load='7n4q' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7n4q]]' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='7n4q' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7n4q]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.50Å' scene=''> | ||
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7N4Q OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7N4Q FirstGlance]. <br> | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7n4q]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7N4Q OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7N4Q FirstGlance]. <br> | ||
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7n4q FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7n4q OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7n4q PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7n4q RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7n4q PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7n4q ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.5Å</td></tr> | ||
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=0B9:(2R)-2-(3-chloro-5-fluoroanilino)-2-cyclopropyl-N-[(3R)-1-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperidin-3-yl]acetamide'>0B9</scene></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7n4q FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7n4q OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7n4q PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7n4q RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7n4q PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7n4q ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | |||
</table> | </table> | ||
== Disease == | |||
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Defects in BTK are the cause of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/300755 300755]; also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1 (AGMX1) or immunodeficiency type 1 (IMD1). XLA is a humoral immunodeficiency disease which results in developmental defects in the maturation pathway of B-cells. Affected boys have normal levels of pre-B-cells in their bone marrow but virtually no circulating mature B-lymphocytes. This results in a lack of immunoglobulins of all classes and leads to recurrent bacterial infections like otitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, sinusitis in the first few years of life, or even some patients present overwhelming sepsis or meningitis, resulting in death in a few hours. Treatment in most cases is by infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin.<ref>PMID:7880320</ref> <ref>PMID:8013627</ref> <ref>PMID:8162056</ref> <ref>PMID:8162018</ref> <ref>PMID:7849697</ref> <ref>PMID:7849721</ref> <ref>PMID:7809124</ref> <ref>PMID:7849006</ref> <ref>PMID:7711734</ref> <ref>PMID:7633420</ref> <ref>PMID:7633429</ref> <ref>PMID:8634718</ref> <ref>PMID:7627183</ref> <ref>PMID:7897635</ref> <ref>PMID:8723128</ref> <ref>PMID:8695804</ref> <ref>PMID:8834236</ref> <ref>PMID:9280283</ref> <ref>PMID:9260159</ref> <ref>PMID:9545398</ref> <ref>PMID:9445504</ref> <ref>PMID:10220140</ref> <ref>PMID:10678660</ref> <ref>PMID:10612838</ref> Defects in BTK may be the cause of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency (XLA-IGHD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/307200 307200]; also known as agammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency or Fleisher syndrome or isolated growth hormone deficiency type 3 (IGHD3). In rare cases XLA is inherited together with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD). | |||
== Function == | |||
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref> | |||
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | |||
== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential node on the BCR signaling in B cells, which are clinically validated to play a critical role in B-cell lymphomas and various auto-immune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Pemphigus, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although non-selective irreversible BTK inhibitors have been approved for oncology, due to the emergence of drug resistance in B-cell lymphoma associated with covalent inhibitor, there an unmet medical need to identify reversible, selective, potent BTK inhibitor as viable therapeutics for patients. Herein, we describe the identification of Hits and subsequence optimization to improve the physicochemical properties, potency and kinome selectivity leading to the discovery of a novel class of BTK inhibitors. Utilizing Met ID and structure base design inhibitors were synthesized with increased in vivo metabolic stability and oral exposure in rodents suitable for advancing to lead optimization. | |||
Utilizing structure based drug design and metabolic soft spot identification to optimize the in vitro potency and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties leading to the discovery of novel reversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors.,Hopkins BT, Bame E, Bell N, Bohnert T, Bowden-Verhoek JK, Bui M, Cancilla MT, Conlon P, Cullen P, Erlanson DA, Fan J, Fuchs-Knotts T, Hansen S, Heumann S, Jenkins TJ, Gua C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lulla M, Marcotte D, Marx I, McDowell B, Mertsching E, Negrou E, Romanowski MJ, Scott D, Silvian L, Yang W, Zhong M Bioorg Med Chem. 2021 Aug 15;44:116275. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116275. Epub 2021, Jun 15. PMID:34314938<ref>PMID:34314938</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="pdbe-citations 7n4q" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | |||
==See Also== | |||
*[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]] | |||
== References == | |||
<references/> | |||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
[[Category: Homo sapiens]] | |||
[[Category: Large Structures]] | [[Category: Large Structures]] | ||
[[Category: Marcotte DJ]] | [[Category: Marcotte DJ]] | ||
[[Category: Metrick CM]] | [[Category: Metrick CM]] | ||