Constans: Difference between revisions
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==Structural highlights: CONSTANS | ==Structural highlights: CONSTANS == | ||
<StructureSection load=' | <StructureSection load='7vsq ' size='340' side='right' caption='CONSTANS B-Box domains complex with Zn++ ions (PDB code[[7vsq]]), [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.68Å' scene=''> | ||
Constans (CO) is is a Zinc finger containing a domain known as B-boxes. Cysteine and histidine coordinate zinc. Mutations identified within the residues resulted in late flowering which is disadvantageous to reproduction patterns, and suggests they are highly conserved. B-boxes are involved in protein-protein interactions. The C-terminal contains 40 main amino acids (C-terminal contains 70-80 in entirety). In arabidopsis, 32 B-box transcription proteins have been identified thus far. CO, which is considered a BBX1, activates the expression of FT by binding to the CORE1 and CORE2 of the FT promoter. Each B-box transcription protein serves to regulate flowering by stimulating or repressing FT hormone. BBX28 is known to decrease FT transcription, specifically in the late afternoons and dark periods. BBX28 is able to interact with CO through the N-terminus. This works by decreasing recruitment of CO to the FT locus. Constans-like genes (COLs) are very genetically related homologs to Constans (CO). Specifically, CO1 has a greater than 80% amino acid genetic similarity to CO. While identity is similar, function of CO1 varies among identified organisms. | __TOC__ | ||
'''Constans''' (CO) is is a Zinc finger containing a domain known as B-boxes. Cysteine and histidine coordinate zinc. Mutations identified within the residues resulted in late flowering which is disadvantageous to reproduction patterns, and suggests they are highly conserved. B-boxes are involved in protein-protein interactions. The C-terminal contains 40 main amino acids (C-terminal contains 70-80 in entirety). In arabidopsis, 32 B-box transcription proteins have been identified thus far. CO, which is considered a BBX1, activates the expression of FT by binding to the CORE1 and CORE2 of the FT promoter. Each B-box transcription protein serves to regulate flowering by stimulating or repressing FT hormone. BBX28 is known to decrease FT transcription, specifically in the late afternoons and dark periods. BBX28 is able to interact with CO through the N-terminus. This works by decreasing recruitment of CO to the FT locus. Constans-like genes (COLs) are very genetically related homologs to Constans (CO). Specifically, CO1 has a greater than 80% amino acid genetic similarity to CO. While identity is similar, function of CO1 varies among identified organisms. | |||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
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Much is still unknown about the pathway of the FT hormone when it is activated by CO. As the CO-FT model is a highly conserved pathway, understanding how modifications to the CO protein could further enhance agricultural yield and commercial value. As climate change continues to threaten weather conditions and seasonal length, photoperiods may be altered. These alterations can significantly disrupt flowering periods which is why it is critical to understand the regulation pathway of Constans (CO). In the future, it may be necessary to genetically alter flowering periods to correlate to accommodate changing climates and seasonsonal length change to preserve ecological reproduction patterns. Rupturing the intricate ecological patterns can cause significant ramifications to the food chain and overall health of an ecosystem. | Much is still unknown about the pathway of the FT hormone when it is activated by CO. As the CO-FT model is a highly conserved pathway, understanding how modifications to the CO protein could further enhance agricultural yield and commercial value. As climate change continues to threaten weather conditions and seasonal length, photoperiods may be altered. These alterations can significantly disrupt flowering periods which is why it is critical to understand the regulation pathway of Constans (CO). In the future, it may be necessary to genetically alter flowering periods to correlate to accommodate changing climates and seasonsonal length change to preserve ecological reproduction patterns. Rupturing the intricate ecological patterns can cause significant ramifications to the food chain and overall health of an ecosystem. | ||
==CONSTANS 3D structures== | |||
[[3D structures of constans]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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4. Liu, Y., Lin, G., Yin, C. et al. B-box transcription factor 28 regulates flowering by interacting with constans. Sci Rep 10, 17789 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74445-7 | 4. Liu, Y., Lin, G., Yin, C. et al. B-box transcription factor 28 regulates flowering by interacting with constans. Sci Rep 10, 17789 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74445-7 | ||
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