Signal transduction: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load='' size='300' side='right' scene='Journal:JBSD:16/Cv/2' caption='Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, PDB code [[2bg9]]'> | <StructureSection load='' size='300' side='right' scene='Journal:JBSD:16/Cv/2' caption='Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, PDB code [[2bg9]]'> | ||
*[[Ligand]] | *[[Ligand]] | ||
*[[Types of ligands]] | *[[Types of ligands]] | ||
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*[[Growth factors]] | *[[Growth factors]] | ||
*[[Neurotransmitters]] | *[[Neurotransmitters]] | ||
*[[Neuropeptides]] | |||
*[[Neuromodulators]] | |||
*[[Receptor]] | *[[Receptor]] | ||
*[[Ion channels]] | *[[Ion channels]] | ||
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*[[Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]] | *[[Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase]] | ||
'''Sex steroids''' | '''[[Sex steroids]]''' | ||
''[[Androgens]]'' | ''[[Androgens]]'' | ||
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The vitamin D nuclear receptor is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that controls multiple biological responses such as cell proliferation, immune responses, and bone mineralization. Numerous 1 α,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogues, which exhibit low calcemic side effects and/or antitumoral properties, have been synthesized. It was shown that <scene name='56/562378/3a3z/1'>the synthetic analogue (20S,23S)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (2a)</scene> acts as a 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) superagonist and exhibits both antiproliferative and prodifferentiating properties in vitro. Using this information and on the basis of the crystal structures of human VDR ligand binding domain (hVDR LBD) bound to 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3), 2α-methyl-1α,25(OH)(2)D(3), or 2a, a novel analogue, 2α-methyl-(20S,23S)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (4a) was designed, in order to increase its transactivation potency. | The vitamin D nuclear receptor is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that controls multiple biological responses such as cell proliferation, immune responses, and bone mineralization. Numerous 1 α,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogues, which exhibit low calcemic side effects and/or antitumoral properties, have been synthesized. It was shown that <scene name='56/562378/3a3z/1'>the synthetic analogue (20S,23S)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (2a)</scene> acts as a 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) superagonist and exhibits both antiproliferative and prodifferentiating properties in vitro. Using this information and on the basis of the crystal structures of human VDR ligand binding domain (hVDR LBD) bound to 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3), 2α-methyl-1α,25(OH)(2)D(3), or 2a, a novel analogue, 2α-methyl-(20S,23S)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (4a) was designed, in order to increase its transactivation potency. | ||
''ABA Signaling Pathway'' | ''ABA Signaling Pathway'' | ||
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*[[Protein Phosphatase 2C]] | *[[Protein Phosphatase 2C]] | ||
*[[ABA-regulated SNRK2 Protein Kinase]] | *[[ABA-regulated SNRK2 Protein Kinase]] | ||
'''[[Signaling Pathways]]:''' | |||
*[[Akt/PKB signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[AMPK signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[cAMP-dependent pathway]] | |||
*[[Eph/ephrin signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[Hedgehog signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[Insulin signal transduction pathway]] | |||
*[[JAK-STAT signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[MAPK/ERK pathway]] | |||
*[[mTOR signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[Nodal signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[Notch signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[TGF beta signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[TLR signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[VEGF signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[Wnt signaling pathway]] | |||
[[MAPK/ERK pathway]] | |||
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase]] | |||
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase]] | |||
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase]] | |||
*[[Michael Roberts/BIOL115/ERK2]] | |||
*[[UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2#p38 kinase|p38 MAPK (UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2)]] | |||
'''[[Protein Kinases]]:''' | '''[[Protein Kinases]]:''' | ||
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*[[Protein kinase C]] | *[[Protein kinase C]] | ||
*The sensitization of [[TRPV1]] is thought to be connected to phosphorylation by [[protein kinase C]] and the cleavage of PIP2. | *The sensitization of [[TRPV1]] is thought to be connected to phosphorylation by [[protein kinase C]] and the cleavage of PIP2. | ||
''CAMP-dependent protein kinase'' | ''CAMP-dependent protein kinase'' | ||
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*[[Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor]] | *[[Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor]] | ||
Paracrine signaling: | '''[[Paracrine signaling]]:''' | ||
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily | |||
[[Fibroblast growth factor]] and [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor]] (FGFR). FGFR belongs to Receptor tyrosine kinases, class V. | *[[Fibroblast growth factor]] and [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor]] (FGFR). FGFR belongs to Receptor tyrosine kinases, class V. | ||
*[[Hedgehog signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[TGF beta signaling pathway]] | |||
*[[Wnt signaling pathway]] | |||
''' | '''[[Intracrine signaling]]''' | ||
'''Ca2+ signalling processes''' | '''[[Ca2+ signalling processes]]''' | ||
*[[Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor]] | *[[Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor]] | ||
*[[Calcium-dependent protein kinase]] | *[[Calcium-dependent protein kinase]] | ||
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'''GTPase''' | '''GTPase''' | ||
*[[GTPase HRas]]. | *[[GTPase HRas]]. | ||
'''Inflammatory response''' | '''Inflammatory response''' | ||