Tetanus toxin: Difference between revisions

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Jonathan G. Casto, Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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 == ''Clostidium tetani'' ==
-The Gram positive bacilli ''Clostridium tetani'' is the bacteria responsible for the disease state of tetanus.  The presence of the bacteria does not cause the disease but instead the toxins it produces cause the disease state. ''C. tetani'' produces two toxins; '''tetanospasmin''' and '''tetanolysin''' or '''tentoxylysin'''.  Tetanolysin is a cytolysin that increases the permeability of cellular membranes through cell lysis.<ref> PMID: 2404569</ref>  Tetanospasmin is the cause of tetanus and is sometimes referred to as tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), as it acts on the central nervous system.  Tetanospasmin makes its way to the central nervous system via retrograde axonal flow beginning with α- motor neurons found in muscle and ending by binding to gangliosides found in the central nervous system (CNS).<ref> Bizzini B. Tetanus Toxin. Microbiological Reviews.1979 June;43(2):224-236.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC281472/pdf/microrev00006-0112.pdf?tool=pmcentrez]</ref>
+The Gram positive bacilli ''Clostridium tetani'' is the bacteria responsible for the disease state of tetanus.  The presence of the bacteria does not cause the disease but instead the toxins it produces cause the disease state. ''C. tetani'' produces two toxins; '''tetanospasmin''' and '''tetanolysin''' or '''tentoxylysin'''.  Tetanolysin is a cytolysin that increases the permeability of cellular membranes through cell lysis.<ref> PMID: 2404569</ref>  Tetanospasmin is the cause of tetanus and is sometimes referred to as tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), as it acts on the central nervous system.  Tetanospasmin makes its way to the central nervous system via retrograde axonal flow beginning with α- motor neurons found in muscle and ending by binding to gangliosides found in the central nervous system, i.e. CNS..<ref> Bizzini B. Tetanus Toxin. Microbiological Reviews.1979 June;43(2):224-236.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC281472/pdf/microrev00006-0112.pdf?tool=pmcentrez]</ref>
 [[Image:Mechanism_of_action_of_tetanospasmin.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Mechanism of Action for Tetanospasmin.<ref> Mechanism of Action of Tetanospasmin (Dr. Arnab K Rana) [image on the internet]. 2005[updated 2005 Dec 26; cited 2011 Apr 20]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mechanism_of_action_of_tetanospasmin.gif</ref>]]
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 *Tetanus toxin light chain
-**[[1yvg]] - CtTeNT Lc – ''Clostridium tetani''<br />
+**[[1yvg]] - CtTeNT Lc 1-427 – ''Clostridium tetani''<br />
-**[[1z7h]], [[4j1l]] - CtTeNT Lc (mutant)
+**[[1z7h]], [[4j1l]], [[7by5]] - CtTeNT Lc (mutant)
+**[[7ce2]], [[7oh0]], [[7oh1]] - CtTeNT Lc 11-451 + antibody<br />
-*Tetanus toxin heavy chain
+*Tetanus toxin heavy chain; Domains – translocation 459-865; receptor binding (RBD) 865-1315
-**[[1a8d]], [[1af9]] - CtTeNT Hc (mutant)<br />
+**[[5n0b]], [[5n0c]] - CtTeNT (mutant)<br />
+**[[1a8d]], [[1af9]] - CtTeNT Hc RBD (mutant)<br />
 **[[1dfq]], [[1yyn]] – CtTeNT Hc + sialic acid <br />
 **[[1diw]] - CtTeNT Hc + galactose<br />
 **[[1dll]] - CtTeNT Hc + lactose<br />
 **[[1d0h]] - CtTeNT Hc (mutant) + N-acetyl-galactosamine<br />
-**[[1fv2]], [[1fv3]] - CtTeNT Hc + ganglioside analog<br />
+**[[1fv2]], [[1fv3]] - CtTeNT Hc RBD + ganglioside analog<br />
-**[[1yxw]] - CtTeNT Hc + tripeptide<br />
+**[[1yxw]] - CtTeNT Hc RBD + tripeptide<br />
-**[[3hmy]] - CtTeNT Hc + GT2<br />
+**[[3hmy]] - CtTeNT Hc RBD + GT2<br />
-**[[3hn1]] - CtTeNT Hc + GT2 + lactose
+**[[3hn1]] - CtTeNT Hc RBD + GT2 + lactose
+**[[7bxx]] - CtTeNT translocation domain (mutant)<br />
+**[[7by4]] - CtTeNT RBD <br />
-*Tetanus toxin light+heavy chain
-**[[5n0b]] - CtTeNT <br />
-**[[5n0c]] - CtTeNT (mutant)<br />
 }}
 ==References==
 <references />
 [[Category:Topic Page]]