Hox protein: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Cell.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Figure 2: Hox proteins require a cofactor to achieve high binding specificity in order to execute their distinct functions in developing various parts of the fly embryo. Elsevier/Cell Press has provided permission for usage of this figure<ref name="slattery">Slattery M, Riley T, Liu P, Abe N, Gomez-Alcala P, Dror I, Zhou T, Rohs R, Honig B, Bussemaker HJ, Mann RS. Cofactor binding evokes latent differences in DNA binding specificity between Hox proteins. Cell. 2011;147(6):1270-82. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153072 PMID:22153072]</ref>.]] | [[Image:Cell.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Figure 2: Hox proteins require a cofactor to achieve high binding specificity in order to execute their distinct functions in developing various parts of the fly embryo. Elsevier/Cell Press has provided permission for usage of this figure<ref name="slattery">Slattery M, Riley T, Liu P, Abe N, Gomez-Alcala P, Dror I, Zhou T, Rohs R, Honig B, Bussemaker HJ, Mann RS. Cofactor binding evokes latent differences in DNA binding specificity between Hox proteins. Cell. 2011;147(6):1270-82. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153072 PMID:22153072]</ref>.]] | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
Hox proteins are transcription factors that play a key role in the '''embryonic development''' across species by activating and repressing genes. In ''Drosophila,'' eight Hox proteins are responsible for the development of different body segments of the fly, such as its antennae, wings, or legs. Hox proteins execute their distinct functions through binding to similar but different in vivo binding sites<ref>Mann RS, Lelli KM, Joshi R. Hox specificity unique roles for cofactors and collaborators. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2009;88:63-101. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19651302 PMID:19651302]</ref>. This page discusses molecular mechanisms through which Hox proteins recognize their DNA targets with very high binding specificity. <br/> | '''Hox proteins''' or '''homeobox proteins''' are transcription factors that play a key role in the '''embryonic development''' across species by activating and repressing genes. In ''Drosophila,'' eight Hox proteins are responsible for the development of different body segments of the fly, such as its antennae, wings, or legs. Hox proteins execute their distinct functions through binding to similar but different in vivo binding sites<ref>Mann RS, Lelli KM, Joshi R. Hox specificity unique roles for cofactors and collaborators. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2009;88:63-101. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19651302 PMID:19651302]</ref>. This page discusses molecular mechanisms through which Hox proteins recognize their DNA targets with very high binding specificity. <br/> | ||
The crystal structure of a Hox-DNA complex (Figure 1) shows that the Hox protein ''Sex combs reduced'' (Scr) binds its specific ''in vivo'' site with the help of cofactors, ''Extradenticle (Exd)/Pbx proteins''. Hox proteins can bind DNA as monomers but their binding specificity is enhanced when the co-factor is present, a principle that is called '''latent specificity''' (Figure 2). In ''Drosophila'', for instance, eight Hox proteins bind as heterodimers with their cofactor Exd to similar but distinct target sites.<br/> | The crystal structure of a Hox-DNA complex (Figure 1) shows that the Hox protein ''Sex combs reduced'' (Scr) binds its specific ''in vivo'' site with the help of cofactors, ''Extradenticle (Exd)/Pbx proteins''. Hox proteins can bind DNA as monomers but their binding specificity is enhanced when the co-factor is present, a principle that is called '''latent specificity''' (Figure 2). In ''Drosophila'', for instance, eight Hox proteins bind as heterodimers with their cofactor Exd to similar but distinct target sites.<br/> | ||
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[[3a03]] – hHox-11L1<br /> | [[3a03]] – hHox-11L1<br /> | ||
[[1ig7]] – mHox-MSX + DNA – mouse<br /> | [[1ig7]] – mHox-MSX + DNA – mouse<br /> | ||
[[1lfu]] – mHox-PBX + DNA – NMR<br /> | |||
[[2ld5]] – mHox-A13 + DNA – NMR<br /> | [[2ld5]] – mHox-A13 + DNA – NMR<br /> | ||
[[ | [[4uut]] – DmHox – ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br /> | ||
[[2r5z]] – DmHox + DNA <br /> | |||
[[2r5y]] – DmHox + Scr + DNA <br /> | |||
[[4uus]], [[5cyc]] – DmHox + Ubx+ DNA <br /> | |||
[[5zjq]], [[5zjr]], [[5zjs]], [[5zjt]] – DmHox + AbdB+ DNA <br /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||