Sandbox Reserved 1601: Difference between revisions
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== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin insulin] | |||
[[Image:Ruthenium_Red.jpg|300 px|right|thumb|'''Fig. 2''' Structure of Ruthenium Red]] | |||
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex is the main source of entry for calcium ions into the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space. MCU channels exist in most eukaryotic life, but activity is regulated differently in each clade.<ref name="Baradaran">PMID:29995857</ref> The precise identity of the MCU wasn't discovered until 2011 and was discovered using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, and x-ray crystallography.<ref name="Woods">PMID:31869674</ref> Identification of the structure was difficult because it has no apparent sequence similarity to other ion channels.<ref name="Baradaran"/> However, like other ion channels, it is incredibly selective and efficient. The MCU has the ability to only allow calcium ions into the mitochondrial matrix at a rate of 5,000,000 ions per second even though potassium ions are over 100,000 times more abundant in the intermembrane space.<ref name="Baradaran"/> | The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex is the main source of entry for calcium ions into the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space. MCU channels exist in most eukaryotic life, but activity is regulated differently in each clade.<ref name="Baradaran">PMID:29995857</ref> The precise identity of the MCU wasn't discovered until 2011 and was discovered using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, and x-ray crystallography.<ref name="Woods">PMID:31869674</ref> Identification of the structure was difficult because it has no apparent sequence similarity to other ion channels.<ref name="Baradaran"/> However, like other ion channels, it is incredibly selective and efficient. The MCU has the ability to only allow calcium ions into the mitochondrial matrix at a rate of 5,000,000 ions per second even though potassium ions are over 100,000 times more abundant in the intermembrane space.<ref name="Baradaran"/> | ||