Transducin: Difference between revisions

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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of rat transducin α (deepskyblue), β (green) and γ (gold) subunits complex with GDP (PDB code [[1gp2]]).' scene='59/590984/Cv/1' pspeed='8'>
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of rat transducin α (deepskyblue), β (green) and γ (gold) subunits complex with GDP (PDB code [[1gp2]]).' scene='59/590984/Cv/1' pspeed='8'>


 
__TOC__
== Function ==
== Function ==


'''Transducin''' (TDN) or '''Heterotrimeric G protein''' or '''Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G''' is a <scene name='59/590984/Cv/5'>heterotrimeric G protein containing 3 chains: α, β and γ</scene> which are organized in two subunits: α and βγ<ref>PMID:2534964</ref>. TDN is involved in phototransduction.  The absorption of a photon by retinal causes a change in the conformation of rhodopsin into metarhodopsin II.  The latter causes activation of TDN. Upon TDN activation the <scene name='59/590984/Cv/6'>GDP bound to its α subunit</scene> is exchanged for the GTP from the cytoplasm.  Deactivation of TDN occurs when the GTP bound to the α subunit is hydrolyzed to GDP. Phosducin binds to the βγ subunit of TDN preventing its re-association with the α subunit.
'''Transducin''' (TDN) or '''Heterotrimeric G protein''' or '''Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G''' is a <scene name='59/590984/Cv/5'>heterotrimeric G protein containing 3 chains: α, β and γ</scene> which are organized in two subunits: '''α''' and '''βγ'''<ref>PMID:2534964</ref>. TDN is involved in phototransduction.  The absorption of a photon by retinal causes a change in the conformation of rhodopsin into metarhodopsin II.  The latter causes activation of TDN. Upon TDN activation the <scene name='59/590984/Cv/6'>GDP bound to its α subunit</scene> is exchanged for the GTP from the cytoplasm.  Deactivation of TDN occurs when the GTP bound to the α subunit is hydrolyzed to GDP. Phosducin binds to the βγ subunit of TDN preventing its re-association with the α subunit.


== Disease ==
== Disease ==
Congenital stationary night blindness (Nougaret disease) is caused by a mutation in TDN α subunit<ref>PMID:8673138</ref>.
Congenital stationary night blindness (Nougaret disease) is caused by a mutation in TDN α subunit<ref>PMID:8673138</ref>.
==3D structures of transducin==
==3D structures of transducin==
[[Transducin 3D structures]]
[[Transducin 3D structures]]
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>


==3D structures of transducin==
Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
*Transducin-α
**[[1tnd]] – bTDN + GTPγS - bovine<br />
**[[1tag]] – bTDN + GDP<br />
**[[3v00]] – b/ratTDN + GDP<br />
**[[1tad]] – bTDN + GDP + AlF4<br />
**[[1fqk]] – bTDN + RGS9 + GDP + AlF4<br />
**[[1fqj]] – bTDN + RGS9 + GMP-PDE γ + GDP + AlF4<br />
*Transducin-β
**[[6n9g]] – TDN + RGS7 - mouse<br />
*Transducin-βγ
**[[5he0]], [[5he1]], [[5he2]], [[5he3]], [[5ukk]], [[5ukl]], [[5ukm]] – hTDN + β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 + inhibitor<br />
**[[4kfm]] – hTDN + G-protein activated inward rectifier K+ channel<br />
**[[6m8s]] – hTDN + KCTD12<br />
**[[6nbi]], [[6nbh]], [[6nbf]] – hTDN + PTH/PTHRP + long-acting parathyroid hormone + GS protein a subunit + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />
**[[4pnk]] – h/bTDN + bγ (mutant)+ β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 + inhibitor<br />
**[[1tbg]] – bTDN <br />
**[[2trc]], [[1a0r]], [[1b9x]], [[1b9y]] – bTDN + phosducin<br />
**[[1omw]], [[3cik]] – bTDN + G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2<br />
**[[3v5w]] – bTDN (mutant) + G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2<br />
**[[3psc]], [[3pvu]], [[3pvw]], [[4mk0]] – bTDN + β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1<br />
**[[2bcj]] – bTDN (mutant) + β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1<br />
**[[3uzs]] – bTDN + β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 + RNA<br />
**[[3krw]], [[3krx]], [[6c2y]], [[5wg5]], [[5wg4]], [[5wg3]] – bTDN + G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 + inhibitor<br />
**[[1xhm]] – bTDN + peptide<br />
**[[6pcv]] – bTDN + RAC exchanger – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6b20]] – bTDN + nanobody<br />
*Transducin-α+βγ
**[[6eg8]] – hTDN + GDP<br />
**[[6ddf]], [[6dde]] – hTDN + mu opioid receptor + DAMGO – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6d9h]] – hTDN + AChR/adenosine receptor – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6p9x]] – hTDN + CRFR-1 + corticliberin – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6osa]] – hTDN + NTR1 + JMV449 – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6g79]] – hTDN + serotonin receptor – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6oy9]] – bTDN + rhodopsin + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6oya]] – bTDN + antibody + rhodopsin + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
**[[1got]] – bTDN + GDP<br />
**[[1gp2]], [[5kdo]], [[1gg2]] – r/bTDN + GDP - rat<br />
**[[3ah8]] – r/bTDN (mutant) + GDP + inhibitor<br />
**[[5tdh]] – h/r/bTDN (mutant) + GDP<br />
*Transducin-α+βγ complex with antibody
**[[6pt0]], [[6n4b]], [[6kpg]], [[6kpf]] – hTDN + cannaboid receptor + antibody fragment – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6pb1]], [[6pb0]] – hTDN + CRFR-2 + urocortin + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6os9]] – hTDN + NTR1 + JMV449 + antibody fragment – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6oik]], [[6oij]] – hTDN + AChR + antibody fragment – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6crk]] – hTDN + antibody fragment <br />
**[[6niy]], [[6e3y]] – hTDN + calcitonin receptor + calcitonin + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />
**[[5uz7]] – hTDN + calcitonin receptor + antibody fragment - Cryo EM<br />
**[[6ni3]] – hTDN + endolysin/adrenergic receptor + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6omm]] – hTDN + formyl peptide receptor + peptide agonist + antibody fragment – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6p9y]] – hTDN + PACAP + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6li3]] – hTDN + GPR52 + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6gdg]] – hTDN + adenosine A2A receptor + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6b3j]] – hTDN + GLP-1R + exendin-p5 + nanobody – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6ot0]] – hTDN + antibody + smoothened homolog – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6cmo]] – hTDN + antibody + rhodopsin/cytochrome b562 – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6qno]] – h/bTDN + antibody + rhodopsin + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
**[[5vai]] – h/r/bTDN + glucagon-like peptide + antibody fragment - Cryo EM<br />
**[[3sn6]] – TDN ba (mutant) + rb (mutant) + bc + endolysine + antibody fragment<br />
}}
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category: Topic Page]]
[[Category: Topic Page]]

Latest revision as of 09:55, 20 August 2024


Function

Transducin (TDN) or Heterotrimeric G protein or Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G is a which are organized in two subunits: α and βγ[1]. TDN is involved in phototransduction. The absorption of a photon by retinal causes a change in the conformation of rhodopsin into metarhodopsin II. The latter causes activation of TDN. Upon TDN activation the is exchanged for the GTP from the cytoplasm. Deactivation of TDN occurs when the GTP bound to the α subunit is hydrolyzed to GDP. Phosducin binds to the βγ subunit of TDN preventing its re-association with the α subunit.

Disease

Congenital stationary night blindness (Nougaret disease) is caused by a mutation in TDN α subunit[2].

3D structures of transducin

Transducin 3D structures


Structure of rat transducin α (deepskyblue), β (green) and γ (gold) subunits complex with GDP (PDB code 1gp2).

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

ReferencesReferences

  1. ↑ Lerea CL, Bunt-Milam AH, Hurley JB. Alpha transducin is present in blue-, green-, and red-sensitive cone photoreceptors in the human retina. Neuron. 1989 Sep;3(3):367-76. PMID:2534964
  2. ↑ Dryja TP, Hahn LB, Reboul T, Arnaud B. Missense mutation in the gene encoding the alpha subunit of rod transducin in the Nougaret form of congenital stationary night blindness. Nat Genet. 1996 Jul;13(3):358-60. PMID:8673138 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0796-358

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Jaime Prilusky, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman
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