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| == Function == | | == Function == |
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| '''Botulinum neurotoxin''' (CBN) is produced by the bacterium ''Clostridium botulinum''. CBP contains a light (residues 1-440) and a heavy (residues 441-875) chains (LC and HC). CBP LC proteolyzes SNARE substrates ([[Synaptosomal-associated protein]]-25 or SNAP-25) which are essential for synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release thus causing paralysis. CBP HC acts as a channel and as transmembrane chaperone enabling the passage of the LC into the cytosol. <ref>PMID:15907915</ref> The bacteria produces 8 neurotoxins which differ in their antigens.<br /> | | '''Botulinum neurotoxin''' (CBN) is produced by the bacterium ''Clostridium botulinum''. CBP contains a light (residues 1-440) and a heavy (residues 441-875) chains (LC and HC). CBP LC proteolyzes SNARE substrates ([[Synaptosomal-associated protein]]-25 or SNAP-25) which are essential for synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release thus causing paralysis. CBP HC acts as a channel and as transmembrane chaperone enabling the passage of the LC into the cytosol. <ref>PMID:15907915</ref> The bacteria produces 8 neurotoxins which differ in their antigens.<br /> See also [[Llama Antibody Inhibits Botulinum Neruotoxin|Llama Antibody Inhibits Botulinum Neurotoxin]]. |
| *'''Botulinum neurotoxin type A''' is the potent disease agent in botulism. See [[Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain]] and [[Botulinum neurotoxin type A (Hebrew)]].<br /> | | *'''Botulinum neurotoxin type A''' is the potent disease agent in botulism. See [[Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain]] and [[Botulinum neurotoxin type A (Hebrew)]].<br /> |
| *'''Botulinum neurotoxin type B''' is used for treatment of severe spasms in the neck muscles. See [[Clostridium Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B]]. <br /> | | *'''Botulinum neurotoxin type B''' is used for treatment of severe spasms in the neck muscles. See [[Clostridium Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B]]. <br /> |
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| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
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| ==3D structures of botulinum neurotoxin==
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| Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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| {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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| *'''Type A '''
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| **[[3bta]] – CbCBN + Zn – ''Clostridium botulinum'' <br />
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| **[[3v0c]] - CbCBN (mutant) + Zn<br />
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| **[[2nyy]], [[2nz9]] - CbCBN + antibody + Zn<br />
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| **[[3v0a]], [[3v0b]] - CbCBN (mutant) + antibody + Type A progenitor toxin + Zn<br />
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| *Type A Light Chain residues 1-425
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| **[[2g7k]], [[2g7p]], [[2g7q]], [[2imc]], [[3bwi]], [[3bon]], [[3qix]], [[2ise]], [[2isg]], [[2ish]], [[4ej5]] - CbCBN LC + Zn<br />
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| **[[5vgv]] - CbCBN LC + Cu<br />
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| **[[5vgx]] - CbCBN LC + Hg<br />
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| **[[3bok]] - CbCBN LC <br />
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| **[[1e1h]], [[1xtf]], [[4kuf]], [[4el4]], [[4elc]] - CbCBN LC (mutant) + Zn<br />
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| **[[3dse]] – CbCBN LC (mutant) + Zn + Ni<br />
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| **[[1xtg]] - CbCBN LC (mutant) + synaptosomal-associated protein 25 + Zn<br />
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| **[[3dda]], [[3ddb]] - CbCBN LC + synaptosomal-associated protein 25 peptide + Zn<br />
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| **[[3zur]], [[3zus]] - CbCBN LC/synaptosomal-associated protein 25 translocation domain<br />
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| **[[2g7n]], [[2ilp]], [[2imb]], [[3qiy]], [[3qiz]], [[3qj0]], [[4hev]], [[2ima]], [[5v8r]] – CbCBN LC + inhibitor + Zn<br />
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| **[[3c88]], [[3c89]], [[3c8a]], [[3c8b]], [[3boo]], [[3qw5]], [[3qw6]], [[3qw7]], [[3qw8]], [[3nf3]] – CbCBN LC + inhibitor peptide + Zn<br />
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| **[[4ks6]], [[4ktx]], [[5v8p]], [[5v8u]] - CbCBN LC (mutant) + inhibitor peptide + Zn<br />
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| **[[3ds9]] – CbCBN LC (mutant) + inhibitor peptide + Zn + Ni<br />
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| **[[3k3q]] - CbCBN LC + antibody + Zn<br />
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| *Type A translocation domain residues 547-871
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| **[[6dkk]] - CbCBN <br />
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| **[[6mhj]] - CbCBN (mutant) <br />
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| *Type A receptor-binding domain residues 871-1296
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| **[[2vua]], [[3fuo]], [[5tpb]], [[5tpc]], [[5lr0]], [[5mk6]], [[5mk7]] – CbPBN <br />
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| **[[4iqp]] – CbPBN (mutant)<br />
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| **[[2vu9]] – CbPBN + polysaccharide + Mg<br />
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| **[[4jra]], [[5jlv]], [[5moy]], [[6es1]] – CbCBN + synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C<br />
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| **[[5jmc]] – CbCBN (mutant) + synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C<br />
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| **[[4zjx]] – CbCBN + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
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| **[[5l21]] – CbCBN + VHH-C2<br />
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| *Type A Light+Heavy Chain translocation domain residues 1-877
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| **[[2w2d]], [[3bta]] - CbCBN LC+HC + Zn<br />
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| *'''Type B'''
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| **[[1s0b]], [[1s0c]], [[1s0d]], [[1s0e]], [[1s0f]], [[1s0g]], [[1epw]] – CbCBN + Zn<br />
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| **[[6g5f]] – CbCBN + synaptotagmin-1<br />
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| **[[2np0]] – CbCBN + synaptotagmin-2 + Zn<br />
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| **[[6g5g]] – CbCBN (mutant) + synaptotagmin-2 + Mg<br />
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| **[[1g9a]], [[1g9b]], [[1g9c]], [[1g9d]] – CbCBN + inhibitor + Zn<br />
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| **[[1i1e]] – CbCBN + doxorubicin + Zn<br />
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| **[[1f31]] – CbPBN + trisaccharide + Zn<br />
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| *Type B Light Chain residues 1-440
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| **[[2etf]], [[1f82]] - CbCBN LC + Zn<br />
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| *Type B Light+Heavy Chain translocation domain residues 1-858
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| **[[2xhl]], [[3zuq]] - CbCBN LC+HC + Zn<br />
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| *Type B receptor-binding domain residues 857-1291
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| **[[6g5k]] - CbCBN + synaptotagmin-1 peptide<br />
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| **[[2nm1]], [[4kbb]] - CbCBN + synaptotagmin-2 peptide<br />
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| **[[1z0h]] – CbCBN <br />
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| **[[5vid]], [[5vmr]] – CbCBN + mini-protein binder<br />
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| *Type C Light Chain
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| **[[2qn0]] - CbCBN LC + Zn<br />
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| **[[3deb]] - CbCBN LC (mutant)<br />
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| *Type C receptor-binding domain
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| **[[3n7k]], [[3r4s]], [[3r4u]] - CbCBN <br />
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| *Type D Light Chain
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| **[[2fpq]] - CbCBN LC + Zn<br />
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| *Type D receptor-binding domain
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| **[[3n7j]], [[3obr]], [[3ogg]] - CbCBN <br />
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| **[[3rmx]], [[3rmy]] – CbCBN (mutant) <br />
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| **[[3obt]] - CbCBN + acetylneuraminic acid<br />
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| **[[5bqm]] – CbCBN + somatoliberin<br />
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| *Type D LHN domain
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| **[[5bqn]] - CbCBN <br />
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| *Type DC Heavy Chain
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| **[[4isq]] - CbCBN HC + synaptotagmin-1 toxin-binding domain<br />
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| **[[4isr]] - CbCBN HC + synaptotagmin-2 toxin-binding domain<br />
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| *Type E
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| **[[3ffz]], [[4zkt]] – CbCBN + Zn<br />
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| *Type E Light Chain
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| **[[1t3a]] - CbCBN LC + Zn<br />
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| **[[1t3c]], [[1zkw]], [[1zkx]], [[1zl5]], [[1zl6]], [[1zn3]] – CbCBN (mutant) + Zn<br />
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| *Type F Light Chain
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| **[[2a8a]], [[2a97]] - CbCBN LC + Zn<br />
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| **[[3fie]], [[3fii]] - CbCBN LC + Zn + synaptobrevin-2<br />
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| *Type F receptor-binding domain
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| **[[3rsj]], [[3fuq]] - CbCBN <br />
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| *Type G Light Chain
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| **[[1zb7]] - CbCBN LC + Zn<br />
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| *Type G receptor-binding domain
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| **[[2vxr]], [[3mpp]] - CbCBN <br />
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| *Type X Light Chain
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| **[[6f4e]] - CbCBN LC<br />
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| **[[6f47]] - CbCBN LC + Zn<br />
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| }}
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| [[Category: Topic Page]] | | [[Category: Topic Page]] |
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