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==Heterodimer of the GluN1b-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino-terminal domains bound to allosteric inhibitor 93-4==
==Heterodimer of the GluN1b-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino-terminal domains bound to allosteric inhibitor 93-4==
<StructureSection load='6e7r' size='340' side='right' caption='[[6e7r]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='6e7r' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6e7r]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6e7r]] is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6E7R OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6E7R FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6e7r]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattus_norvegicus Rattus norvegicus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus_laevis Xenopus laevis]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6E7R OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6E7R FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HYS:N-{4-[(2S)-3-{[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl}methanesulfonamide'>HYS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MAN:ALPHA-D-MANNOSE'>MAN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6e7r FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6e7r OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6e7r PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6e7r RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6e7r PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6e7r ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HYS:~{N}-[4-[(2~{S})-3-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylamino]-2-oxidanyl-propoxy]phenyl]methanesulfonamide'>HYS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MAN:ALPHA-D-MANNOSE'>MAN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6e7r FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6e7r OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6e7r PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6e7r RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6e7r PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6e7r ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NMDZ1_XENLA NMDZ1_XENLA]] Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+) (PubMed:16214956, PubMed:19524674, PubMed:21677647, PubMed:25008524, PubMed:26912815, PubMed:27135925, Ref.11, PubMed:28232581). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition (Probable).<ref>PMID:16214956</ref> <ref>PMID:19524674</ref> <ref>PMID:21677647</ref> <ref>PMID:25008524</ref> <ref>PMID:26912815</ref> <ref>PMID:27135925</ref> <ref>PMID:28232581</ref> [PDB:5IOV] [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NMDE2_RAT NMDE2_RAT]] NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. Its phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by DAPK1 enhances synaptic NMDA receptor channel activity inducing injurious Ca2+ influx through them, resulting in an irreversible neuronal death (By similarity).  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NMDZ1_XENLA NMDZ1_XENLA] Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+) (PubMed:16214956, PubMed:19524674, PubMed:21677647, PubMed:25008524, PubMed:26912815, PubMed:27135925, Ref.11, PubMed:28232581). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition (Probable).<ref>PMID:16214956</ref> <ref>PMID:19524674</ref> <ref>PMID:21677647</ref> <ref>PMID:25008524</ref> <ref>PMID:26912815</ref> <ref>PMID:27135925</ref> <ref>PMID:28232581</ref> [PDB:5IOV]
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Context-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of neurological diseases that are associated with altered neuronal firing and signaling. This is especially true in stroke, where the proton concentration in the afflicted area can increase by an order of magnitude. A class of allosteric inhibitors, the 93-series, shows greater potency against GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptors in such low pH environments, allowing targeted therapy only within the ischemic region. Here we map the 93-series compound binding site in the GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino terminal domain and show that the interaction of the N-alkyl group with a hydrophobic cage of the binding site is critical for pH-dependent inhibition. Mutation of residues in the hydrophobic cage alters pH-dependent potency, and remarkably, can convert inhibitors into potentiators. Our study provides a foundation for the development of highly specific neuroprotective compounds for the treatment of neurological diseases.
 
Structural elements of a pH-sensitive inhibitor binding site in NMDA receptors.,Regan MC, Zhu Z, Yuan H, Myers SJ, Menaldino DS, Tahirovic YA, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF, Furukawa H Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 18;10(1):321. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08291-1. PMID:30659174<ref>PMID:30659174</ref>
 
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6e7r" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 
==See Also==
*[[Glutamate receptor 3D structures|Glutamate receptor 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Furukawa, H]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Regan, M C]]
[[Category: Rattus norvegicus]]
[[Category: Allosteric modulation]]
[[Category: Xenopus laevis]]
[[Category: Extracellular domain]]
[[Category: Furukawa H]]
[[Category: Ion channel]]
[[Category: Regan MC]]
[[Category: Nmda receptor]]
[[Category: Transport protein]]

Latest revision as of 08:10, 21 November 2024

Heterodimer of the GluN1b-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino-terminal domains bound to allosteric inhibitor 93-4Heterodimer of the GluN1b-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino-terminal domains bound to allosteric inhibitor 93-4

Structural highlights

6e7r is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Rattus norvegicus and Xenopus laevis. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.1Å
Ligands:, , , , ,
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

NMDZ1_XENLA Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+) (PubMed:16214956, PubMed:19524674, PubMed:21677647, PubMed:25008524, PubMed:26912815, PubMed:27135925, Ref.11, PubMed:28232581). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition (Probable).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [PDB:5IOV]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Context-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of neurological diseases that are associated with altered neuronal firing and signaling. This is especially true in stroke, where the proton concentration in the afflicted area can increase by an order of magnitude. A class of allosteric inhibitors, the 93-series, shows greater potency against GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptors in such low pH environments, allowing targeted therapy only within the ischemic region. Here we map the 93-series compound binding site in the GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino terminal domain and show that the interaction of the N-alkyl group with a hydrophobic cage of the binding site is critical for pH-dependent inhibition. Mutation of residues in the hydrophobic cage alters pH-dependent potency, and remarkably, can convert inhibitors into potentiators. Our study provides a foundation for the development of highly specific neuroprotective compounds for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Structural elements of a pH-sensitive inhibitor binding site in NMDA receptors.,Regan MC, Zhu Z, Yuan H, Myers SJ, Menaldino DS, Tahirovic YA, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF, Furukawa H Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 18;10(1):321. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08291-1. PMID:30659174[8]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Schmidt C, Werner M, Hollmann M. Revisiting the postulated "unitary glutamate receptor": electrophysiological and pharmacological analysis in two heterologous expression systems fails to detect evidence for its existence. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Jan;69(1):119-29. doi: 10.1124/mol.105.016840. Epub 2005 Oct , 7. PMID:16214956 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.105.016840
  2. ↑ Schmidt C, Hollmann M. Molecular and functional characterization of Xenopus laevis N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2009 Oct;42(2):116-27. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.06.004. Epub, 2009 Jun 12. PMID:19524674 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2009.06.004
  3. ↑ Karakas E, Simorowski N, Furukawa H. Subunit arrangement and phenylethanolamine binding in GluN1/GluN2B NMDA receptors. Nature. 2011 Jun 15;475(7355):249-53. doi: 10.1038/nature10180. PMID:21677647 doi:10.1038/nature10180
  4. ↑ Lee CH, Lu W, Michel JC, Goehring A, Du J, Song X, Gouaux E. NMDA receptor structures reveal subunit arrangement and pore architecture. Nature. 2014 Jul 10;511(7508):191-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13548. Epub 2014 Jun 22. PMID:25008524 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13548
  5. ↑ Stroebel D, Buhl DL, Knafels JD, Chanda PK, Green M, Sciabola S, Mony L, Paoletti P, Pandit J. A novel binding mode reveals two distinct classes of NMDA receptor GluN2B-selective antagonists. Mol Pharmacol. 2016 Feb 24. pii: mol.115.103036. PMID:26912815 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.115.103036
  6. ↑ Tajima N, Karakas E, Grant T, Simorowski N, Diaz-Avalos R, Grigorieff N, Furukawa H. Activation of NMDA receptors and the mechanism of inhibition by ifenprodil. Nature. 2016 May 2. doi: 10.1038/nature17679. PMID:27135925 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17679
  7. ↑ Lu W, Du J, Goehring A, Gouaux E. Cryo-EM structures of the triheteromeric NMDA receptor and its allosteric modulation. Science. 2017 Feb 23. pii: eaal3729. doi: 10.1126/science.aal3729. PMID:28232581 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aal3729
  8. ↑ Regan MC, Zhu Z, Yuan H, Myers SJ, Menaldino DS, Tahirovic YA, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF, Furukawa H. Structural elements of a pH-sensitive inhibitor binding site in NMDA receptors. Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 18;10(1):321. PMID:30659174 doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08291-1

6e7r, resolution 2.10Å

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