6cz2: Difference between revisions

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-'''Unreleased structure'''
-The entry 6cz2 is ON HOLD
+==Structure of the PTK6 kinase domain==
+<StructureSection load='6cz2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6cz2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
+== Structural highlights ==
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6cz2]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6CZ2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6CZ2 FirstGlance]. <br>
+</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.5&#8491;</td></tr>
+<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PTR:O-PHOSPHOTYROSINE'>PTR</scene></td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6cz2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6cz2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6cz2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6cz2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6cz2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6cz2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
+</table>
+== Function ==
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PTK6_HUMAN PTK6_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase implicated in the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways that control the differentiation and maintenance of normal epithelia, as well as tumor growth. Function seems to be context dependent and differ depending on cell type, as well as its intracellular localization. A number of potential nuclear and cytoplasmic substrates have been identified. These include the RNA-binding proteins: KHDRBS1/SAM68, KHDRBS2/SLM1, KHDRBS3/SLM2 and SFPQ/PSF; transcription factors: STAT3 and STAT5A/B and a variety of signaling molecules: ARHGAP35/p190RhoGAP, PXN/paxillin, BTK/ATK, STAP2/BKS. Associates also with a variety of proteins that are likely upstream of PTK6 in various signaling pathways, or for which PTK6 may play an adapter-like role. These proteins include ADAM15, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3 and IRS4. In normal or non-tumorigenic tissues, PTK6 promotes cellular differentiation and apoptosis. In tumors PTK6 contributes to cancer progression by sensitizing cells to mitogenic signals and enhancing proliferation, anchorage-independent survival and migration/invasion. Association with EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3 may contribute to mammary tumor development and growth through enhancement of EGF-induced signaling via BTK/AKT and PI3 kinase. Contributes to migration and proliferation by contributing to EGF-mediated phosphorylation of ARHGAP35/p190RhoGAP, which promotes association with RASA1/p120RasGAP, inactivating RhoA while activating RAS. EGF stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of PNX/Paxillin by PTK6 and activation of RAC1 via CRK/CrKII, thereby promoting migration and invasion. PTK6 activates STAT3 and STAT5B to promote proliferation. Nuclear PTK6 may be important for regulating growth in normal epithelia, while cytoplasmic PTK6 might activate oncogenic signaling pathways.<ref>PMID:10980601</ref> <ref>PMID:15471878</ref> <ref>PMID:15572663</ref> <ref>PMID:15539407</ref> <ref>PMID:16179349</ref> <ref>PMID:16568091</ref> <ref>PMID:17997837</ref> <ref>PMID:18829532</ref> <ref>PMID:21479203</ref>   Isoform 2 inhibits PTK6 phosphorylation and PTK6 association with other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins.<ref>PMID:10980601</ref> <ref>PMID:15471878</ref> <ref>PMID:15572663</ref> <ref>PMID:15539407</ref> <ref>PMID:16179349</ref> <ref>PMID:16568091</ref> <ref>PMID:17997837</ref> <ref>PMID:18829532</ref> <ref>PMID:21479203</ref>
+<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
+== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
+Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6, or BRK) is aberrantly expressed in breast cancers, and emerging as an oncogene that promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration and evasion. Both kinase-dependent and -independent functions of PTK6 in driving tumor growth have been described, therefore targeting PTK6 kinase activity by small molecule inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to treat cancers remains to be validated. In this study, we identified novel, potent and selective PTK6 kinase inhibitors as a means to investigate the role of PTK6 kinase activity in breast tumorigenesis. We report here the crystal structures of apo-PTK6 and inhibitor-bound PTK6 complexes, providing the structural basis for small molecule interaction with PTK6. The kinase inhibitors moderately suppress tumor cell growth in 2D and 3D cell cultures. However, the tumor cell growth inhibition shows neither correlation with the PTK6 kinase activity inhibition, nor the total or activated PTK6 protein levels in tumor cells, suggesting that the tumor cell growth is independent of PTK6 kinase activity. Furthermore, in engineered breast tumor cells overexpressing PTK6, the inhibition of PTK6 kinase activity does not parallel the inhibition of tumor cell growth with a &gt;500-fold shift in compound potencies (IC50 values). Overall, these findings suggest that the kinase activity of PTK6 does not play a significant role in tumorigenesis, thus providing important evidence against PTK6 kinase as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
-Authors: Gajiwala, K.S., Johnson, E., Cronin, C.N.
+Small molecule inhibitors reveal PTK6 kinase is not an oncogenic driver in breast cancers.,Qiu L, Levine K, Gajiwala KS, Cronin CN, Nagata A, Johnson E, Kraus M, Tatlock J, Kania R, Foley T, Sun S PLoS One. 2018 Jun 7;13(6):e0198374. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198374., eCollection 2018. PMID:29879184<ref>PMID:29879184</ref>
-Description: Structure of the PTK6 kinase domain
+From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
-[[Category: Unreleased Structures]]
+</div>
-[[Category: Cronin, C.N]]
+<div class="pdbe-citations 6cz2" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
-[[Category: Gajiwala, K.S]]
-[[Category: Johnson, E]]
+==See Also==
+*[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]]
+== References ==
+<references/>
+__TOC__
+</StructureSection>
+[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
+[[Category: Large Structures]]
+[[Category: Cronin CN]]
+[[Category: Gajiwala KS]]
+[[Category: Johnson E]]