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| == Function == | | == Function == |
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| '''Cyclin''' (CYC) activates CYC-dependent kinase (CDK) thus acting in the control of the cell cycle. The CYC name derives from the fact that different CYCs are expressed during different phases of the cell cycle. Among the CYCs, '''CYCA''' is active in the S phase, '''CYCD''' regulate the transition from G1 to S.<ref>PMID:12910258</ref> See also [[Intrinsically Disordered Protein]]. | | '''Cyclin''' (CYC) activates CYC-dependent kinase (CDK) thus acting in the control of the cell cycle. The CYC name derives from the fact that different CYCs are expressed during different phases of the cell cycle. Among the CYCs:<br /> |
| | * '''CYCA''' is active in the S phase<br /> |
| | * '''CYCA2''' regulates DNA replication and mitotic entry.<ref>PMID:33402344</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCB1''' is essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G2/M (mitosis) transition.<br /> |
| | * '''CYCC''' is active in the G0/G1 phase transition<ref>PMID:12910258</ref>.<br /> |
| | * '''CYCCCL1''' controls the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II largest subunit and mRNA transcription <ref>PMID:8761664</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCD''' regulates the transition from G1 to S.<ref>PMID:15130482</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCE''' and its CDK partner are key regulators of DNA synthesis and of mitosis.<ref>PMID:11907280</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCF''' is the substrate recognition component of the Skp1-Cul1-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex<ref>PMID:28652210</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCH''' is highly expressed in ovarian cancer<ref>PMID:32694938</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCK''' and its CDK12 partner regulate the expression of DNA-damage response genes and thus protect cells from genomic instability.<ref>PMID:22012619</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCT''' and its CDK9 partner regulate gene expression.<ref>PMID:15276198</ref><br /> |
| | * '''Viral CYC''' could be involved in oncogenic events associated with the cyclin-encoding viruses.<ref>PMID:10815028</ref><br /> |
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| | See also [[Intrinsically Disordered Protein]]. |
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| | == Relevance == |
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| | Overexpression of CYCD1 and its catalytic partner CDK4 is seen in human cancer<ref>PMID:25486477</ref>. Overexpression of CYCH and its catalytic partner CDK7 is seen in breast cancer<ref>PMID:27301701</ref>. |
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| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
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| All cyclins have an all-α helix fold and share an identical ca. 100 residue domain called 'cyclin box' which binds CDK. <scene name='44/442748/Cv/3'>Two 5 α-helix cyclin boxes are shown</scene>.<ref>PMID:09433129</ref> | | All cyclins have an all-α helix fold and share an identical ca. 100 residue domain called 'cyclin box' which binds CDK. <scene name='44/442748/Cv/3'>Two 5 α-helix cyclin boxes are shown</scene>.<ref>PMID:09433129</ref> |
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| </StructureSection>
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| == 3D Structures of Cyclin == | | == 3D Structures of Cyclin == |
| | [[Cyclin 3D structures]] |
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| Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
| | </StructureSection> |
| {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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| *CYCA2
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| **[[3my5]], [[2wpa]], [[2wxv]], [[2wih]], [[2wip]], [[3f5x]], [[3eoc]], [[3eid]], [[3ej1]], [[3dog]], [[3ddp]], [[3ddq]], [[3bht]], [[2v22]], [[2uue]], [[2i40]], [[2bkz]], [[2c5n]], [[2c5o]], [[2c5v]], [[2c5x]], [[2c5y]], [[2bpm]], [[2c4g]], [[1fvv]], [[2c6t]] – hCYCA2 +CDK2+inhibitor - human<br />
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| **[[3bhu]], [[3bhv]], [[2uzd]], [[2uzb]], [[2uze]], [[2uzl]], [[2uzn]], [[2uzo]], [[2iw6]], [[2iw8]], [[2iw9]], [[2g9x]], [[1oi9]], [[1oiu]], [[1oiy]], [[1ogu]], [[1p5e]], [[1pkd]], [[1h1p]], [[1h1q]], [[1h1r]], [[1h1s]], [[4cfx]], [[4cfv]], [[4cfu]], [[4cfm]], [[5nev]], [[5nev]], [[5lmk]], [[5cyi]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1fin]], [[5if1]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2<br />
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| **[[1vyw]] - hCYCA2 C-terminal + hCDK2<br />
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| **[[1jst]], [[3tnw]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P<br />
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| **[[1h24]], [[1h25]], [[1h26]], [[1h27]], [[1h28]], [[1gy3]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+peptide<br />
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| **[[4bck]], [[4bcm]], [[4bcn]], [[4bco]], [[4bcp]], [[4bcq]], [[4cfn]], [[4cfw]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[4fx3]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[4eoi]], [[4eoj]], [[4eok]], [[4eol]], [[4eom]], [[4eon]], [[4eoo]], [[4eop]], [[4eoq]], [[4eor]], [[4eos]] - hCYCA2 C-terminal +CDK2 T160P + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[2cjm]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P Y15P<br />
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| **[[2cch]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+ATP analog<br />
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| **[[4i3z]], [[4ii5]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+ADP + Mg<br />
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| **[[2cci]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+CDC homolog<br />
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| **[[2wma]], [[2wmb]], [[2x1n]], [[2wev]], [[2wfy]], [[2whb]], [[1okv]], [[1okw]], [[1ol1]], [[1ol2]], [[1urc]], [[1qmz]], [[3qhw]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2+peptide<br />
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| **[[1jsu]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 (mutant)+P27<br />
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| **[[3qhr]], [[3khw]] - CYCA2 + P33 protein kinase + CDK2 peptide – mouse
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| *CYCA3
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| **[[1vin]] – CYCA3 - bovine<br />
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| **[[1e9h]] – hCYCA3 +CDK2 T160P+inhibitor<br />
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| *CYCB1
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| **[[2b9r]] – hCYCB1 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[2jgz]] - hCYCB1 + CDK2<br />
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| **[[5hq0]], [[4yc3]], [[4y72]] – hCYCB1 + hCDK1 + CDK regulatory subunit 2<br />
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| **[[5lqf]] – hCYCB1 + hCDK1 + CDK regulatory subunit 2 + inhibitor<br />
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| *CYCC
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| **[[3rgf]], [[4g6l]] – hCYCC + CDK8<br />
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| **[[4f6s]], [[4f6u]], [[4f6w]], [[4f70]], [[4f7j]], [[4f7l]], [[4f7n]], [[4f7s]], [[5idp]], [[5idn]], [[5icp]], [[5i5z]], [[5hvy]], [[5hnb]], [[5hbj]], [[5hbh]], [[5hbe]], [[5fgk]], [[5cei]], [[5bnj]], [[5xqx]], [[5xs2]] – hCYCC + CDK8 + inhibitor<br />
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| *CYCD
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| **[[2w96]], [[2w99]], [[2w9f]], [[2w9z]] - hCYCD1 +CDK4 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[6ei2]] – hCYCD2 + HLA + microglobulin<br />
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| **[[3g33]] – hCYCD3 + CDK4
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| *CYCE
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| **[[1w98]] – hCYCE1 + CDK2 T160P<br />
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| **[[5l2w]] – hCYCE1 + CDK2 + drug<br />
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| *CYCH
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| **[[1kxu]], [[1jkw]] – hCYCH
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| *CYCK
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| **[[2i53]] – hCYCK N-terminal<br />
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| **[[4un0]] - hCYCK + CDK12 T160P<br />
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| **[[4cxa]] - hCYCK + CDK12 T160P + AMPPNP<br />
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| **[[5efq]], [[4nst]] - hCYCK + CDK13 T160P + ADP<br />
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| **[[4un0]], [[5acb]], [[6b3e]] - hCYCK +CDK12 T160P + inhibitor<br />
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| *CYCT
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| **[[3blh]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9<br />
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| **[[3blq]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+ATP<br />
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| **[[4imy]], [[4or5]], [[4ogr]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9 TPO160 +AMP + AF4/MRF2 family member 4<br />
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| **[[5l1z]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9 TPO160 +AMP + AF4/MRF2 family member 4 + RNA<br />
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| **[[3lq5]], [[3tn8]], [[3tnh]], [[3tni]], [[4bcf]], [[4bcg]], [[4bch]], [[4bci]], [[4bcj]] – hCYCT1 (mutant)+CDK9<br />
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| **[[3blr]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3my1]], [[4ec8]], [[4ec9]] - hCYCT1 (mutant)+CDK9 TPO160 +inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3mi9]], [[3mia]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+protein TAT<br />
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| **[[2w2h]] - CYCT1 +protein TAT + RNA – horse<br />
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| **[[2ivx]] – hCYCT2 (mutant)
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| *CYC
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| **[[2pk9]] – yCYC PHO80 +CDK PHO85 – yeast<br />
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| **[[2pmi]] - yCYC PHO80 +CDK PHO85+ATPgS
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| *Viral CYC
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| **[[2euf]], [[2f2c]], [[2xo2]], [[1jow]] – V-CYC+hCDK6 – Herpesvirus<br />
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| **[[1bu2]] – V-CYC<br />
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| **[[1xo2]] - V-CYC + hCDK6 + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1g3n]] - V-CYC +hCDK6+CDK6 inhibitor<br />
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| **[[1f5q]] - V-CYC g +hCDK2
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| }}
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| == References == | | == References == |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
| [[Category:Topic Page]] | | [[Category:Topic Page]] |