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| ==Kinetic and structural studies of thermostabilized mutants of HCA II.== | | ==Kinetic and structural studies of thermostabilized mutants of HCA II.== |
| <StructureSection load='3v3j' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3v3j]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.63Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='3v3j' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3v3j]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.63Å' scene=''> |
| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3v3j]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3V3J OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3V3J FirstGlance]. <br> | | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3v3j]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3V3J OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3V3J FirstGlance]. <br> |
| </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> | | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.63Å</td></tr> |
| <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3v3f|3v3f]], [[3v3g|3v3g]], [[3v3h|3v3h]], [[3v3i|3v3i]]</td></tr>
| | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> |
| <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CA2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3v3j FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3v3j OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3v3j PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3v3j RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3v3j PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3v3j ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_dehydratase Carbonate dehydratase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=4.2.1.1 4.2.1.1] </span></td></tr>
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| <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3v3j FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3v3j OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3v3j PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3v3j RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3v3j PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3v3j ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | |
| </table> | | </table> |
| == Disease == | | == Disease == |
| [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref> | | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref> |
| == Function == | | == Function == |
| [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref> | | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref> |
| <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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| == Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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| Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of carbon dioxide/bicarbonate. As such, there is enormous industrial interest in using CA as a bio-catalyst for carbon sequestration and biofuel production. However, to ensure cost-effective use of the enzyme under harsh industrial conditions, studies were initiated to produce variants with enhanced thermostability while retaining high solubility and catalytic activity. Kinetic and structural studies were conducted to determine the structural and functional effects of these mutations. X-ray crystallography revealed that a gain in surface hydrogen bonding contributes to stability while retaining proper active site geometry and electrostatics to sustain catalytic efficiency. The kinetic profiles determined under a variety of conditions show that the surface mutations did not negatively impact the carbon dioxide hydration or proton transfer activity of the enzyme. Together these results show that it is possible to enhance the thermal stability of human carbonic anhydrase II by specific replacements of surface hydrophobic residues of the enzyme. In addition, combining these stabilizing mutations with strategic active site changes have resulted in thermostable mutants with desirable kinetic properties.
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| Kinetic and structural characterization of thermostabilized mutants of human carbonic anhydrase II.,Fisher Z, Boone CD, Biswas SM, Venkatakrishnan B, Aggarwal M, Tu C, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman D, McKenna R Protein Eng Des Sel. 2012 Jul;25(7):347-55. Epub 2012 Jun 12. PMID:22691706<ref>PMID:22691706</ref>
| | ==See Also== |
| | | *[[Carbonic anhydrase 3D structures|Carbonic anhydrase 3D structures]] |
| From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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| </div>
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| <div class="pdbe-citations 3v3j" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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| == References == | | == References == |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
| __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| [[Category: Carbonate dehydratase]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| [[Category: Human]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| [[Category: Boone, C D]] | | [[Category: Boone CD]] |
| [[Category: Fisher, S Z]] | | [[Category: Fisher SZ]] |
| [[Category: McKenna, R]] | | [[Category: McKenna R]] |
| [[Category: Lyase]]
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| [[Category: Thermostabile]]
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