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{{STRUCTURE_1z5w|  PDB=1z5w  | SIZE=350| SCENE=Tubulin/Cv/1 |right|CAPTION= γ-tubulin complex with GTP and Mg+2 ion (green), [[1z5w]] }}
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='γ-tubulin complex with GTP and Mg+2 ion (green), [[1z5w]]' scene='43/430888/Cv/2' pspeed='8'>
== Function ==
== Function ==


[[Tubulin]] (TUB) is a constituent of microtubules in eukaryotes.  Microtubules are assembled from dimers of '''α-tubulin''' (TUBA) and '''β-tubulin''' (TUBB) bound to GTP. See also [[Beta tubulin]].  '''γ-tubulin''' (TUBG) is part of the nucleation of microtubules. Human TUB contains several numbered subtypes.  '''FtsZ'''  (Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) is a prokaryotic homologue of TUB. See also [[Beta tubulin]].
[[Tubulin]] (TUB) is a constituent of microtubules in eukaryotes.  Microtubules are assembled from dimers of '''α-tubulin''' (TUBA) and '''β-tubulin''' (TUBB) bound to GTP. '''γ-tubulin''' (TUBG) is part of the nucleation of microtubules<ref>PMID:11297925</ref>. Human TUB contains several numbered subtypes.  Tubulin filaments are stabilized by taxol and zampanolide.  '''FtsZ'''  (Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) is a prokaryotic homologue of TUB<ref>PMID:26463348</ref>. See [[Cell division protein]] and [[Beta tubulin]].


== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==


The chemotherapeutic drug Taxol interacts with TUBB.  See [[Molecular Playground/Taxol]].
The chemotherapeutic drug Taxol interacts with TUBB.  See [[Molecular Playground/Taxol]].  TUBA and TUBB expression in polyps of invasive colon cancer is different from normal<ref>PMID:16101133</ref>.


== 3D Structures of Tubulin ==
See [[Paclitaxel]].


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
== Disease ==
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
Mutations in TUBB underlie a large spectrum of neuronal migration disorders<ref>PMID:19465910</ref>.


*α-tubulin
== Structural highlights ==
 
*<scene name='43/430888/Cv/6'>γ-tubulin interactions with GTP and Mg+2 ion</scene> ([[1z5w]]).
**[[2bto]] – PdTUBA+thioredoxin 1 – ''Prosthecobacter dejongeii''<br />
== 3D Structures of Tubulin ==
**[[2e4h]] – hTUBA C terminal + restin CAP-Gly domain 2 – human<br />
[[Tubulin 3D Structures]]
 
*α-tubulin + β-tubulin
 
**[[3hkb]], [[3hkc]], [[3hkd]], [[3hke]], [[3n2g]], [[3n2k]], [[3ryc]], [[3ryf]], [[3ryh]], [[3ryi]] – sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4 – sheep<br />
**[[4f61]] - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein R4<br />
**[[3ut5]] - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4 + vinca peptide<br />
**[[4eb6]] - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4<br />
**[[4drx]] - sTUBA+sTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein<br />
**[[4lnu]] - sTUBA+sTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein + GDP + GTP + kinesin heavy chain <br />
**[[4x1i]], [[4x1k]], [[4x1y]], [[4x20]] - sTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase + GDP + GTP + dolastatin + colchicine<br />
**[[4f6r]] - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein R1 + ankyrin repeat protein<br />
**[[2wbe]] – bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin+AMPPNP – bovine<br />
**[[3dco]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like NOD<br />
**[[4ck5]], [[4ck6]], [[4ck7]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF11 motor domain<br />
**[[1tvk]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+GDP+GTP+Epothilone A – electron crystallography<br />
**[[3iz0]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+hNDC80/SPC25+hNUF2/SPC24 – electron microscopy<br />
**[[3edl]] - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin motor domain<br />
**[[2xrp]] - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+doublecortin <br />
**[[3du7]], [[3e22]], [[1z2b]], [[1sa0]], [[1sa1]], [[1ffx]] – bTUBA1C+bTUBB2B+stathmin-4<br />
**[[4o2a]], [[4iij]], [[4i55]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase<br />
**[[4wbn]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative<br />
**[[4o2b]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase + colchicine<br />
**[[4tuy]], [[4o4h]], [[4o4i]], [[4o4j]], [[4o4l]], [[4i50]], [[4i4t]], [[4tv8]], [[4tv9]], [[4yj2]], [[4yj3]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase + antimitotic agent<br />
**[[1jff]] - bTUBA+bTUBB<br />
**[[4hna]] - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin heavy chain + ankyrin repeat protein<br />
**[[4uxo]], [[4uxp]], [[4uxr]], [[4uxs]], [[4uxy]] - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin motor domain + GDP + GTP + taxol – Cryo EM<br />
**[[4uxt]], [[4uy0]] - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin heavy chain + GDP + GTP + taxol – Cryo EM<br />
**[[4ihj]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + tubulin tyrosine ligase + ADP<br />
**[[3j1t]], [[3j1u]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+ dyenin<br />
**[[3j2u]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KLP10A head domain<br />
**[[2p4n]] - hTUBA+hTUBB+kinesin heavy chain<br />
**[[2hxf]] - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+AMPPNP – pig<br />
**[[3j6f]] - pTUBA+pTUBB – Cryo EM <br />
**[[3j6e]] - pTUBA+pTUBB +GMPCPP – Cryo EM <br />
**[[3j7i]] - pTUBA+pTUBB +GTP – Cryo EM<br />
**[[3j6g]] - pTUBA+pTUBB +GTP + GDP + taxol – Cryo EM <br />
**[[3j6h]] - pTUBA+pTUBB +GMPCPP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM <br />
**[[3j8x]] - pTUBA+pTUBB +GDP + GTP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM <br />
**[[3j8y]] - pTUBA+pTUBB +GDP + GTP + ATP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM <br />
**[[3j6p]] - pTUBA+pTUBB +GTP + GDP + taxol + dynein heavy chain – Cryo EM<br />
**[[2hxh]] - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+ADP<br />
**[[1ia0]] - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+ATP<br />
**[[4abo]] - pTUBA+pTUBB+ microtubule integrity protein MAL3<br />
**[[1tub]] - pTUBA+pTUBB – electron diffraction<br />
**[[4aqv]], [[4aqw]] - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF11 – Cryo EM<br />
**[[4atu]] - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+doublecortin – Cryo EM<br />
**[[4atx]] - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin motor domain – Cryo EM<br />
**[[2btq]] – PdTUBA+PdTUBB<br />
**[[4ffb]], [[4u3j]] - TUBA+TUBB (mutant) + protein STU2 - yeast
 
*γ-tubulin
 
**[[3cb2]] – hTUBG1+GDP<br />
**[[1z5v]] - hTUBG1+GTPgS<br />
**[[1z5w]] - hTUBG1+GTP<br />
**[[3rip]] – hTUBG4<br />
 
* FtsZ
 
**[[2vxy]], [[2vam]] – BsFtsZ - ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
**[[2ve8]] – PaFtsZ gamma domain – ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''<br />
**[[2r6r]]– AaFtsZ - ''Aquifex aeolicus''<br />
**[[1w59]], [[1fsz]] – MjFtsZ - ''Methancaldococcus jannaschii''<br />
**[[1w5e]], [[1w5f]] – MjFtsZ (mutant) <br />
**[[3v3t]] – FtsZ (mutant) – ''Clostridium botulinum''<br />
**[[3zid]] – FtsZ – ''Methanosaeta thermophila''<br />
**[[3vo9]], [[3vpa]] - SaFtsZ – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
**[[3wgj]], [[3wgk]] – SaFtsZ (mutant) <br />


*FtsZ complexes
</StructureSection>


**[[2rhh]], [[2rhj]] – BsFtsZ+SO4 <br />
== References ==
**[[2rhl]] - BsFtsZ+GDP<br />
<references/>
**[[2rho]] - BsFtsZ+GDP+GTP-gamma-S<br />
**[[4u39]] – BsFtsZ + cell division factor<br />
**[[2ve9]] - PaFtsZ gamma domain+DNA<br />
**[[2vaw]] – PaFtsZ+GDP<br />
**[[1ofu]] - PaFtsZ+SULA<br />
**[[2r75]] - AaFtsZ+8-morpholino-GTP <br />
**[[2q1x]], [[1rq2]] - MtFtsZ+citrate – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
**[[2q1y]], [[1rlu]] - MtFtsZ+GTP-gamma-S<br />
**[[1rq7]], [[4kwe]] - MtFtsZ+GDP<br />
**[[2vap]] – MjFtsZ+GDP <br />
**[[1w58]] - MjFtsZ+GMPCPP<br />
**[[1w5a]] - MjFtsZ+MgGTP<br />
**[[1w5b]] - MjFtsZ+GTP<br />
**[[4b45]] – HvFtsZ + GTP-γS – ''Haloferax volcanii''<br />
**[[3vo8]], [[3voa]] - SaFtsZ + GDP <br />
**[[3wgl]] – SaFtsZ (mutant) + GDP<br />
**[[3wgn]] – SaFtsZ + GTP-γS<br />
**[[3wgm]] – SaFtsZ (mutant) + GTP<br />
**[[3vob]] - SaFtsZ + GDP + benzamide derivative<br />
**[[4dxd]] - SaFtsZ + antibiotic <br />
**[[4b46]] - HvFtsZ + GDP <br />
**[[4m8i]] - SeFtsZ + GDP – ''Staphylococcus epidermitis''<br />
}}
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Alexander Berchansky, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman
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