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==HUMAN PTP1B CATALYTIC DOMAIN COMPLEXES WITH PNU179326==
==HUMAN PTP1B CATALYTIC DOMAIN COMPLEXES WITH PNU179326==
<StructureSection load='1g7g' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1g7g]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1g7g' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1g7g]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1g7g]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1G7G OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1G7G FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1g7g]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1G7G OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1G7G FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=INX:2-(CARBOXYMETHOXY)-5-[(2S)-2-({(2S)-2-[(3-CARBOXYPROPANOYL)AMINO]+-3-PHENYLPROPANOYL}AMINO)-3-OXO-3-(PENTYLAMINO)PROPYL]BENZOIC+ACID'>INX</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1g7f|1g7f]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=INX:2-(CARBOXYMETHOXY)-5-[(2S)-2-({(2S)-2-[(3-CARBOXYPROPANOYL)AMINO]+-3-PHENYLPROPANOYL}AMINO)-3-OXO-3-(PENTYLAMINO)PROPYL]BENZOIC+ACID'>INX</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.1.3.48 3.1.3.48] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1g7g FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1g7g OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1g7g PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1g7g RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1g7g PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1g7g ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1g7g FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1g7g OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1g7g RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1g7g PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PTN1_HUMAN PTN1_HUMAN]] Tyrosine-protein phosphatase which acts as a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Mediates dephosphorylation of EIF2AK3/PERK; inactivating the protein kinase activity of EIF2AK3/PERK. May play an important role in CKII- and p60c-src-induced signal transduction cascades. May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling pathway which modulates cell reorganization and cell-cell repulsion.<ref>PMID:21135139</ref> <ref>PMID:22169477</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PTN1_HUMAN PTN1_HUMAN] Tyrosine-protein phosphatase which acts as a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Mediates dephosphorylation of EIF2AK3/PERK; inactivating the protein kinase activity of EIF2AK3/PERK. May play an important role in CKII- and p60c-src-induced signal transduction cascades. May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling pathway which modulates cell reorganization and cell-cell repulsion.<ref>PMID:21135139</ref> <ref>PMID:22169477</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/g7/1g7g_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/g7/1g7g_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
   </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1g7g ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) attenuates insulin signaling by catalyzing dephosphorylation of insulin receptors (IR) and is an attractive target of potential new drugs for treating the insulin resistance that is central to type II diabetes. Several analogues of cholecystokinin(26)(-)(33) (CCK-8) were found to be surprisingly potent inhibitors of PTP1B, and a common N-terminal tripeptide, N-acetyl-Asp-Tyr(SO(3)H)-Nle-, was shown to be necessary and sufficient for inhibition. This tripeptide was modified to reduce size and peptide character, and to replace the metabolically unstable sulfotyrosyl group. This led to the discovery of a novel phosphotyrosine bioisostere, 2-carboxymethoxybenzoic acid, and to analogues that were &gt;100-fold more potent than the CCK-8 analogues and &gt;10-fold selective for PTP1B over two other PTP enzymes (LAR and SHP-2), a dual specificity phosphatase (cdc25b), and a serine/threonine phosphatase (calcineurin). These inhibitors disrupted the binding of PTP1B to activated IR in vitro and prevented the loss of tyrosine kinase (IRTK) activity that accompanied PTP1B-catalyzed dephosphorylation of IR. Introduction of these poorly cell permeant inhibitors into insulin-treated cells by microinjection (oocytes) or by esterification to more lipophilic proinhibitors (3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myocytes) resulted in increased potency, but not efficacy, of insulin. In some instances, PTP1B inhibitors were insulin-mimetic, suggesting that in unstimulated cells PTP1B may suppress basal IRTK activity. X-ray crystallography of PTP1B-inhibitor complexes revealed that binding of an inhibitor incorporating phenyl-O-malonic acid as a phosphotyrosine bioisostere occurred with the mobile WPD loop in the open conformation, while a closely related inhibitor with a 2-carboxymethoxybenzoic acid bioisostere bound with the WPD loop closed, perhaps accounting for its superior potency. These CCK-derived peptidomimetic inhibitors of PTP1B represent a novel template for further development of potent, selective inhibitors, and their cell activity further justifies the selection of PTP1B as a therapeutic target.
Small molecule peptidomimetics containing a novel phosphotyrosine bioisostere inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and augment insulin action.,Bleasdale JE, Ogg D, Palazuk BJ, Jacob CS, Swanson ML, Wang XY, Thompson DP, Conradi RA, Mathews WR, Laborde AL, Stuchly CW, Heijbel A, Bergdahl K, Bannow CA, Smith CW, Svensson C, Liljebris C, Schostarez HJ, May PD, Stevens FC, Larsen SD Biochemistry. 2001 May 15;40(19):5642-54. PMID:11341829<ref>PMID:11341829</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Tyrosine phosphatase|Tyrosine phosphatase]]
*[[Tyrosine phosphatase 3D structures|Tyrosine phosphatase 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Bleasdale, J E]]
[[Category: Bleasdale JE]]
[[Category: Larsen, S D]]
[[Category: Larsen SD]]
[[Category: Ogg, D]]
[[Category: Ogg D]]
[[Category: Complex]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Inhibitor]]
[[Category: Tyrosine phosphatase]]

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