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==NONSTANDARD PEPTIDE BINDING OF HLA-B*5101 COMPLEXED WITH HIV IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE KM2(TAFTIPSI)==
 
<StructureSection load='1e28' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1e28]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.00&Aring;' scene=''>
==Nonstandard peptide binding of HLA-B*5101 complexed with HIV immunodominant epitope KM2(TAFTIPSI)==
<StructureSection load='1e28' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1e28]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1e28]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1E28 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1E28 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1e28]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1E28 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1E28 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1e27|1e27]], [[1hla|1hla]], [[2hla|2hla]], [[3hla|3hla]], [[1hsa|1hsa]], [[1agb|1agb]], [[1agc|1agc]], [[1agd|1agd]], [[1age|1age]], [[1agf|1agf]], [[1tmc|1tmc]], [[1a1m|1a1m]], [[1a1n|1a1n]], [[1a1o|1a1o]], [[1a9b|1a9b]], [[1a9e|1a9e]], [[1a6z|1a6z]], [[1mhe|1mhe]]</td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1e28 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1e28 OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1e28 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1e28 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1e28 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1e28 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1e28 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1e28 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1e28 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1e28 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B2MG_HUMAN B2MG_HUMAN]] Defects in B2M are the cause of hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia (HYCATHYP) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/241600 241600]]. Affected individuals show marked reduction in serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and albumin, probably due to rapid degradation.<ref>PMID:16549777</ref>  Note=Beta-2-microglobulin may adopt the fibrillar configuration of amyloid in certain pathologic states. The capacity to assemble into amyloid fibrils is concentration dependent. Persistently high beta(2)-microglobulin serum levels lead to amyloidosis in patients on long-term hemodialysis.<ref>PMID:3532124</ref> <ref>PMID:1336137</ref> <ref>PMID:7554280</ref> <ref>PMID:4586824</ref> <ref>PMID:8084451</ref> <ref>PMID:12119416</ref> <ref>PMID:12796775</ref> <ref>PMID:16901902</ref> <ref>PMID:16491088</ref> <ref>PMID:17646174</ref> <ref>PMID:18835253</ref> <ref>PMID:18395224</ref> <ref>PMID:19284997</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HLAB_HUMAN HLAB_HUMAN] Giant cell arteritis;Takayasu arteritis;Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease;Stevens-Johnson syndrome;Behcet disease;Reactive arthritis;NON RARE IN EUROPE: Ankylosing spondylitis. Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Increased susceptibility to Stevens-Johnson syndrome is conferred by allele B*15:02.<ref>PMID:15057820</ref>  Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. A restricted number of HLA-B*27 subtypes can be associated with ankylosing spondylitis and other B*27-related diseases, and an elevated frequency of the B*27:02 allele in ankylosing spondylitis patients is identified. The allele B*27:07 seems to have a protective role in some populations because it was found only in the healthy controls.<ref>PMID:15603872</ref>   There is evidence that HLA-B*51 is associated with susceptibility to Behcet disease (BD). However, it is not certain whether HLA-B*51 itself or a closely linked gene is responsible for susceptibility. The world distribution of HLA-B*51 in healthy people corresponds to the global distribution of BD; in Southern hemisphere countries (Africa, South Pacific, etc.) and in some parts of Europe, the prevalence of HLA-B*51 in healthy people is low or null, corresponding to a low prevalence of BD. The wide variation that exists in the relative risk of HLA-B*51 would support other nongenetic risk factors.<ref>PMID:23291587</ref>   The presence of allele B*57:01 is associated with increased susceptibility to abacavir hypersensitivity [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/142830 142830] in HIV-1 patients.<ref>PMID:11888582</ref>   Allele group B*08 is associated with increased susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, where affected individuals have antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis).<ref>PMID:22286218</ref>  
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/1B49_HUMAN 1B49_HUMAN]] Involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/POL_HV1Z2 POL_HV1Z2]] Gag-Pol polyprotein and Gag polyprotein may regulate their own translation, by the binding genomic RNA in the 5'-UTR. At low concentration, Gag-Pol and Gag would promote translation, whereas at high concentration, the polyproteins encapsidate genomic RNA and then shutt off translation (By similarity). Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. Matrix protein is the part of the pre-integration complex. It binds in the cytoplasm the human BAF protein which prevent autointegration of the viral genome, and might be included in virions at the ration of zero to 3 BAF dimer per virion. The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. The key regulation of these motifs might be phosphorylation of a portion of MA molecules on the C-terminal tyrosine at the time of virus maturation, by virion-associated cellular tyrosine kinase. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu (By similarity).  Capsid protein p24 forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry. Interaction with human PPIA/CYPA protects the virus from restriction by human TRIM5-alpha and from an unknown antiviral activity in human cells. This capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species (By similarity).  Nucleocapsid protein p7 encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced (genomic) RNA. Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Facilitates rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during retrotranscription of genomic RNA. This capability is referred to as nucleic acid chaperone activity (By similarity). The aspartyl protease mediates proteolytic cleavages of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins during or shortly after the release of the virion from the plasma membrane. Cleavages take place as an ordered, step-wise cascade to yield mature proteins. This process is called maturation. Displays maximal activity during the budding process just prior to particle release from the cell. Also cleaves Nef and Vif, probably concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles (By similarity). Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. Conversion of viral genomic RNA into dsDNA requires many steps. A tRNA(3)-Lys binds to the primer-binding site (PBS) situated at the 5'-end of the viral RNA. RT uses the 3' end of the tRNA primer to perform a short round of RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis. The reading proceeds through the U5 region and ends after the repeated (R) region which is present at both ends of viral RNA. The portion of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex is digested by the RNase H, resulting in a ssDNA product attached to the tRNA primer. This ssDNA/tRNA hybridizes with the identical R region situated at the 3' end of viral RNA. This template exchange, known as minus-strand DNA strong stop transfer, can be either intra- or intermolecular. RT uses the 3' end of this newly synthesized short ssDNA to perform the RNA-dependent minus-strand DNA synthesis of the whole template. RNase H digests the RNA template except for two polypurine tracts (PPTs) situated at the 5'-end and near the center of the genome. It is not clear if both polymerase and RNase H activities are simultaneous. RNase H probably can proceed both in a polymerase-dependent (RNA cut into small fragments by the same RT performing DNA synthesis) and a polymerase-independent mode (cleavage of remaining RNA fragments by free RTs). Secondly, RT performs DNA-directed plus-strand DNA synthesis using the PPTs that have not been removed by RNase H as primers. PPTs and tRNA primers are then removed by RNase H. The 3' and 5' ssDNA PBS regions hybridize to form a circular dsDNA intermediate. Strand displacement synthesis by RT to the PBS and PPT ends produces a blunt ended, linear dsDNA copy of the viral genome that includes long terminal repeats (LTRs) at both ends (By similarity).  Integrase catalyzes viral DNA integration into the host chromosome, by performing a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions. This enzyme activity takes place after virion entry into a cell and reverse transcription of the RNA genome in dsDNA. The first step in the integration process is 3' processing. This step requires a complex comprising the viral genome, matrix protein, Vpr and integrase. This complex is called the pre-integration complex (PIC). The integrase protein removes 2 nucleotides from each 3' end of the viral DNA, leaving recessed CA OH's at the 3' ends. In the second step, the PIC enters cell nucleus. This process is mediated through integrase and Vpr proteins, and allows the virus to infect a non dividing cell. This ability to enter the nucleus is specific of lentiviruses, other retroviruses cannot and rely on cell division to access cell chromosomes. In the third step, termed strand transfer, the integrase protein joins the previously processed 3' ends to the 5' ends of strands of target cellular DNA at the site of integration. The 5'-ends are produced by integrase-catalyzed staggered cuts, 5 bp apart. A Y-shaped, gapped, recombination intermediate results, with the 5'-ends of the viral DNA strands and the 3' ends of target DNA strands remaining unjoined, flanking a gap of 5 bp. The last step is viral DNA integration into host chromosome. This involves host DNA repair synthesis in which the 5 bp gaps between the unjoined strands are filled in and then ligated. Since this process occurs at both cuts flanking the HIV genome, a 5 bp duplication of host DNA is produced at the ends of HIV-1 integration. Alternatively, Integrase may catalyze the excision of viral DNA just after strand transfer, this is termed disintegration (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B2MG_HUMAN B2MG_HUMAN]] Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system.  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HLAB_HUMAN HLAB_HUMAN] Antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule. In complex with B2M/beta 2 microglobulin displays primarily viral and tumor-derived peptides on antigen-presenting cells for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-B-restricted CD8-positive T cells, guiding antigen-specific T cell immune response to eliminate infected or transformed cells (PubMed:23209413, PubMed:25808313, PubMed:29531227, PubMed:9620674). May also present self-peptides derived from the signal sequence of secreted or membrane proteins, although T cells specific for these peptides are usually inactivated to prevent autoreactivity (PubMed:18991276, PubMed:7743181). Both the peptide and the MHC molecule are recognized by TCR, the peptide is responsible for the fine specificity of antigen recognition and MHC residues account for the MHC restriction of T cells (PubMed:24600035, PubMed:29531227, PubMed:9620674). Typically presents intracellular peptide antigens of 8 to 13 amino acids that arise from cytosolic proteolysis via constitutive proteasome and IFNG-induced immunoproteasome (PubMed:23209413). Can bind different peptides containing allele-specific binding motifs, which are mainly defined by anchor residues at position 2 and 9 (PubMed:25808313, PubMed:29531227).<ref>PMID:18991276</ref> <ref>PMID:23209413</ref> <ref>PMID:24600035</ref> <ref>PMID:25808313</ref> <ref>PMID:29531227</ref> <ref>PMID:7743181</ref> <ref>PMID:9620674</ref>  Allele B*07:02: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and mainly a Leu anchor residue at the C-terminus (PubMed:7743181). Presents a long peptide (APRGPHGGAASGL) derived from the cancer-testis antigen CTAG1A/NY-ESO-1, eliciting a polyclonal CD8-positive T cell response against tumor cells (PubMed:29531227). Presents viral epitopes derived from HIV-1 gag-pol (TPQDLNTML) and Nef (RPQVPLRPM) (PubMed:25808313). Presents an immunodominant epitope derived from SARS-CoV-2 N/nucleoprotein (SPRWYFYYL) (PubMed:32887977). Displays self-peptides including a peptide derived from the signal sequence of HLA-DPB1 (APRTVALTA) (PubMed:7743181).<ref>PMID:25808313</ref> <ref>PMID:29531227</ref> <ref>PMID:32887977</ref> <ref>PMID:7743181</ref>  Allele B*08:01: Presents to CD8-positive T cells viral epitopes derived from EBV/HHV-4 EBNA3 (QAKWRLQTL), eliciting cytotoxic T cell response.<ref>PMID:9620674</ref>  Allele B*13:02: Presents multiple HIV-1 epitopes derived from gag (RQANFLGKI, GQMREPRGSDI), nef (RQDILDLWI), gag-pol (RQYDQILIE, GQGQWTYQI) and rev (LQLPPLERL), all having in common a Gln residue at position 2 and mainly hydrophobic amino acids Leu, Ile or Val at the C-terminus. Associated with succesful control of HIV-1 infection.<ref>PMID:17251285</ref>  Allele B*18:01: Preferentially presents octomeric and nonameric peptides sharing a common motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Phe or Tyr anchor residues at the C-terminus (PubMed:14978097, PubMed:18991276, PubMed:23749632). Presents an EBV/HHV-4 epitope derived from BZLF1 (SELEIKRY) (PubMed:23749632). May present to CD8-positive T cells an antigenic peptide derived from MAGEA3 (MEVDPIGHLY), triggering an anti-tumor immune response (PubMed:12366779). May display a broad repertoire of self-peptides with a preference for peptides derived from RNA-binding proteins (PubMed:14978097).<ref>PMID:12366779</ref> <ref>PMID:14978097</ref> <ref>PMID:18991276</ref> <ref>PMID:23749632</ref>  Allele B*27:05: Presents to CD8-positive T cells immunodominant viral epitopes derived from HCV POLG (ARMILMTHF), HIV-1 gag (KRWIILGLNK), IAV NP (SRYWAIRTR), SARS-CoV-2 N/nucleoprotein (QRNAPRITF), EBV/HHV-4 EBNA4 (HRCQAIRKK) and EBV/HHV-4 EBNA6 (RRIYDLIEL), conferring longterm protection against viral infection (PubMed:15113903, PubMed:18385228, PubMed:19139562, PubMed:32887977, PubMed:9620674). Can present self-peptides derived from cytosolic and nuclear proteins. All peptides carry an Arg at position 2 (PubMed:1922338). The peptide-bound form interacts with NK cell inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1 and inhibits NK cell activation in a peptide-specific way, being particularly sensitive to the nature of the amino acid side chain at position 8 of the antigenic peptide (PubMed:15657948, PubMed:8879234). KIR3DL1 fails to recognize HLA-B*27:05 in complex with B2M and EBV/HHV-4 EBNA6 (RRIYDLIEL) peptide, which can lead to increased activation of NK cells during infection (PubMed:15657948). May present an altered repertoire of peptides in the absence of TAP1-TAP2 and TAPBPL (PubMed:9620674).<ref>PMID:15113903</ref> <ref>PMID:15657948</ref> <ref>PMID:18385228</ref> <ref>PMID:19139562</ref> <ref>PMID:1922338</ref> <ref>PMID:8879234</ref> <ref>PMID:9620674</ref>  Allele B*40:01: Presents immunodominant viral epitopes derived from EBV/HHV-4 LMP2 (IEDPPFNSL) and SARS-CoV-2 N/nucleoprotein (MEVTPSGTWL), triggering memory CD8-positive T cell response (PubMed:18991276, PubMed:32887977). Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and a Leu anchor residue at the C-terminus (PubMed:18991276).<ref>PMID:18991276</ref> <ref>PMID:32887977</ref>  Allele B*41:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Ala or Pro anchor residues at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:18991276</ref>  Allele B*44:02: Presents immunodominant viral epitopes derived from EBV/HHV-4 EBNA4 (VEITPYKPTW) and EBNA6 (AEGGVGWRHW, EENLLDFVRF), triggering memory CD8-positive T cell response (PubMed:18991276, PubMed:9620674). Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Phe, Tyr or Trp anchor residues at the C-terminus (PubMed:18991276).<ref>PMID:18991276</ref> <ref>PMID:9620674</ref>  Allele B*45:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Ala or Pro anchor residues at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:18991276</ref>  Allele B*46:01: Preferentially presents nonameric peptides sharing a signature motif, namely Ala and Leu at position 2 and Tyr, Phe, Leu, or Met anchor residues at the C-terminus. The peptide-bound form interacts with KIR2DL3 and inhibits NK cell cytotoxic response in a peptide-specific way.<ref>PMID:28514659</ref>  Allele B*47:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely an Asp at position 2 and Leu or Met anchor residues at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:18991276</ref>  Allele B*49:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Ile or Val anchor residues at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:18991276</ref>  Allele B*50:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Ala or Pro anchor residues at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:18991276</ref>  Allele B*51:01: Presents an octomeric HIV-1 epitope derived from gag-pol (TAFTIPSI) to the public TRAV17/TRBV7-3 TCR clonotype, strongly suppressing HIV-1 replication.<ref>PMID:24600035</ref>  Allele B*54:01: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and Ala anchor residue at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:7743181</ref>  Allele B*55:01: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and Ala anchor residue at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:7743181</ref>  Allele B*56:01: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and Ala anchor residue at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:7743181</ref>  Allele B*57:01: The peptide-bound form recognizes KIR3DL1 and inhibits NK cell cytotoxic response. Presents HIV gag peptides (immunodominant KAFSPEVIPMF and subdominant KALGPAATL epitopes) predominantly to CD8-positive T cell clones expressing a TRAV41-containing TCR, triggering HLA-B-restricted T cell responses.<ref>PMID:22020283</ref> <ref>PMID:25480565</ref> <ref>PMID:34228645</ref>  Allele B*67:01: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and Leu anchor residue at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:7743181</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/e2/1e28_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/e2/1e28_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
   </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1e28 ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1e28" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Beta-2 microglobulin|Beta-2 microglobulin]]
*[[Beta-2 microglobulin 3D structures|Beta-2 microglobulin 3D structures]]
*[[Major histocompatibility complex|Major histocompatibility complex]]
*[[MHC 3D structures|MHC 3D structures]]
*[[MHC I 3D structures|MHC I 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
Line 37: Line 40:
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Jones, E Y]]
[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
[[Category: Maenaka, K]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Maenaka, T]]
[[Category: Jones EY]]
[[Category: Stuart, D I]]
[[Category: Maenaka K]]
[[Category: Takiguchi, M]]
[[Category: Maenaka T]]
[[Category: Tomiyama, H]]
[[Category: Stuart DI]]
[[Category: Histocompatibility complex]]
[[Category: Takiguchi M]]
[[Category: Hiv]]
[[Category: Tomiyama H]]
[[Category: Hla b51]]
[[Category: Mhc class i]]

Latest revision as of 07:28, 17 October 2024

Nonstandard peptide binding of HLA-B*5101 complexed with HIV immunodominant epitope KM2(TAFTIPSI)Nonstandard peptide binding of HLA-B*5101 complexed with HIV immunodominant epitope KM2(TAFTIPSI)

Structural highlights

1e28 is a 3 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens and Human immunodeficiency virus 1. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 3Å
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

HLAB_HUMAN Giant cell arteritis;Takayasu arteritis;Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease;Stevens-Johnson syndrome;Behcet disease;Reactive arthritis;NON RARE IN EUROPE: Ankylosing spondylitis. Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Increased susceptibility to Stevens-Johnson syndrome is conferred by allele B*15:02.[1] Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. A restricted number of HLA-B*27 subtypes can be associated with ankylosing spondylitis and other B*27-related diseases, and an elevated frequency of the B*27:02 allele in ankylosing spondylitis patients is identified. The allele B*27:07 seems to have a protective role in some populations because it was found only in the healthy controls.[2] There is evidence that HLA-B*51 is associated with susceptibility to Behcet disease (BD). However, it is not certain whether HLA-B*51 itself or a closely linked gene is responsible for susceptibility. The world distribution of HLA-B*51 in healthy people corresponds to the global distribution of BD; in Southern hemisphere countries (Africa, South Pacific, etc.) and in some parts of Europe, the prevalence of HLA-B*51 in healthy people is low or null, corresponding to a low prevalence of BD. The wide variation that exists in the relative risk of HLA-B*51 would support other nongenetic risk factors.[3] The presence of allele B*57:01 is associated with increased susceptibility to abacavir hypersensitivity [MIM:142830 in HIV-1 patients.[4] Allele group B*08 is associated with increased susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, where affected individuals have antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis).[5]

Function

HLAB_HUMAN Antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule. In complex with B2M/beta 2 microglobulin displays primarily viral and tumor-derived peptides on antigen-presenting cells for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-B-restricted CD8-positive T cells, guiding antigen-specific T cell immune response to eliminate infected or transformed cells (PubMed:23209413, PubMed:25808313, PubMed:29531227, PubMed:9620674). May also present self-peptides derived from the signal sequence of secreted or membrane proteins, although T cells specific for these peptides are usually inactivated to prevent autoreactivity (PubMed:18991276, PubMed:7743181). Both the peptide and the MHC molecule are recognized by TCR, the peptide is responsible for the fine specificity of antigen recognition and MHC residues account for the MHC restriction of T cells (PubMed:24600035, PubMed:29531227, PubMed:9620674). Typically presents intracellular peptide antigens of 8 to 13 amino acids that arise from cytosolic proteolysis via constitutive proteasome and IFNG-induced immunoproteasome (PubMed:23209413). Can bind different peptides containing allele-specific binding motifs, which are mainly defined by anchor residues at position 2 and 9 (PubMed:25808313, PubMed:29531227).[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Allele B*07:02: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and mainly a Leu anchor residue at the C-terminus (PubMed:7743181). Presents a long peptide (APRGPHGGAASGL) derived from the cancer-testis antigen CTAG1A/NY-ESO-1, eliciting a polyclonal CD8-positive T cell response against tumor cells (PubMed:29531227). Presents viral epitopes derived from HIV-1 gag-pol (TPQDLNTML) and Nef (RPQVPLRPM) (PubMed:25808313). Presents an immunodominant epitope derived from SARS-CoV-2 N/nucleoprotein (SPRWYFYYL) (PubMed:32887977). Displays self-peptides including a peptide derived from the signal sequence of HLA-DPB1 (APRTVALTA) (PubMed:7743181).[13] [14] [15] [16] Allele B*08:01: Presents to CD8-positive T cells viral epitopes derived from EBV/HHV-4 EBNA3 (QAKWRLQTL), eliciting cytotoxic T cell response.[17] Allele B*13:02: Presents multiple HIV-1 epitopes derived from gag (RQANFLGKI, GQMREPRGSDI), nef (RQDILDLWI), gag-pol (RQYDQILIE, GQGQWTYQI) and rev (LQLPPLERL), all having in common a Gln residue at position 2 and mainly hydrophobic amino acids Leu, Ile or Val at the C-terminus. Associated with succesful control of HIV-1 infection.[18] Allele B*18:01: Preferentially presents octomeric and nonameric peptides sharing a common motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Phe or Tyr anchor residues at the C-terminus (PubMed:14978097, PubMed:18991276, PubMed:23749632). Presents an EBV/HHV-4 epitope derived from BZLF1 (SELEIKRY) (PubMed:23749632). May present to CD8-positive T cells an antigenic peptide derived from MAGEA3 (MEVDPIGHLY), triggering an anti-tumor immune response (PubMed:12366779). May display a broad repertoire of self-peptides with a preference for peptides derived from RNA-binding proteins (PubMed:14978097).[19] [20] [21] [22] Allele B*27:05: Presents to CD8-positive T cells immunodominant viral epitopes derived from HCV POLG (ARMILMTHF), HIV-1 gag (KRWIILGLNK), IAV NP (SRYWAIRTR), SARS-CoV-2 N/nucleoprotein (QRNAPRITF), EBV/HHV-4 EBNA4 (HRCQAIRKK) and EBV/HHV-4 EBNA6 (RRIYDLIEL), conferring longterm protection against viral infection (PubMed:15113903, PubMed:18385228, PubMed:19139562, PubMed:32887977, PubMed:9620674). Can present self-peptides derived from cytosolic and nuclear proteins. All peptides carry an Arg at position 2 (PubMed:1922338). The peptide-bound form interacts with NK cell inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1 and inhibits NK cell activation in a peptide-specific way, being particularly sensitive to the nature of the amino acid side chain at position 8 of the antigenic peptide (PubMed:15657948, PubMed:8879234). KIR3DL1 fails to recognize HLA-B*27:05 in complex with B2M and EBV/HHV-4 EBNA6 (RRIYDLIEL) peptide, which can lead to increased activation of NK cells during infection (PubMed:15657948). May present an altered repertoire of peptides in the absence of TAP1-TAP2 and TAPBPL (PubMed:9620674).[23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] Allele B*40:01: Presents immunodominant viral epitopes derived from EBV/HHV-4 LMP2 (IEDPPFNSL) and SARS-CoV-2 N/nucleoprotein (MEVTPSGTWL), triggering memory CD8-positive T cell response (PubMed:18991276, PubMed:32887977). Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and a Leu anchor residue at the C-terminus (PubMed:18991276).[30] [31] Allele B*41:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Ala or Pro anchor residues at the C-terminus.[32] Allele B*44:02: Presents immunodominant viral epitopes derived from EBV/HHV-4 EBNA4 (VEITPYKPTW) and EBNA6 (AEGGVGWRHW, EENLLDFVRF), triggering memory CD8-positive T cell response (PubMed:18991276, PubMed:9620674). Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Phe, Tyr or Trp anchor residues at the C-terminus (PubMed:18991276).[33] [34] Allele B*45:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Ala or Pro anchor residues at the C-terminus.[35] Allele B*46:01: Preferentially presents nonameric peptides sharing a signature motif, namely Ala and Leu at position 2 and Tyr, Phe, Leu, or Met anchor residues at the C-terminus. The peptide-bound form interacts with KIR2DL3 and inhibits NK cell cytotoxic response in a peptide-specific way.[36] Allele B*47:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely an Asp at position 2 and Leu or Met anchor residues at the C-terminus.[37] Allele B*49:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Ile or Val anchor residues at the C-terminus.[38] Allele B*50:01: Displays self-peptides sharing a signature motif, namely a Glu at position 2 and Ala or Pro anchor residues at the C-terminus.[39] Allele B*51:01: Presents an octomeric HIV-1 epitope derived from gag-pol (TAFTIPSI) to the public TRAV17/TRBV7-3 TCR clonotype, strongly suppressing HIV-1 replication.[40] Allele B*54:01: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and Ala anchor residue at the C-terminus.[41] Allele B*55:01: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and Ala anchor residue at the C-terminus.[42] Allele B*56:01: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and Ala anchor residue at the C-terminus.[43] Allele B*57:01: The peptide-bound form recognizes KIR3DL1 and inhibits NK cell cytotoxic response. Presents HIV gag peptides (immunodominant KAFSPEVIPMF and subdominant KALGPAATL epitopes) predominantly to CD8-positive T cell clones expressing a TRAV41-containing TCR, triggering HLA-B-restricted T cell responses.[44] [45] [46] Allele B*67:01: Displays peptides sharing a common signature motif, namely a Pro residue at position 2 and Leu anchor residue at the C-terminus.[47]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The crystal structures of the human MHC class I allele HLA-B*5101 in complex with 8-mer, TAFTIPSI, and 9-mer, LPPVVAKEI, immunodominant peptide epitopes from HIV-1 have been determined by x-ray crystallography. In both complexes, the hydrogen-bonding network in the N-terminal anchor (P1) pocket is rearranged as a result of the replacement of the standard tyrosine with histidine at position 171. This results in a nonstandard positioning of the peptide N terminus, which is recognized by B*5101-restricted T cell clones. Unexpectedly, the P5 peptide residues appear to act as anchors, drawing the peptides unusually deeply into the peptide-binding groove of B51. The unique characteristics of P1 and P5 are likely to be responsible for the zig-zag conformation of the 9-mer peptide and the slow assembly of B*5101. A comparison of the surface characteristics in the alpha1-helix C-terminal region for B51 and other MHC class I alleles highlights mainly electrostatic differences that may be important in determining the specificity of human killer cell Ig-like receptor binding.

Nonstandard peptide binding revealed by crystal structures of HLA-B*5101 complexed with HIV immunodominant epitopes.,Maenaka K, Maenaka T, Tomiyama H, Takiguchi M, Stuart DI, Jones EY J Immunol. 2000 Sep 15;165(6):3260-7. PMID:10975842[48]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Chung WH, Hung SI, Hong HS, Hsih MS, Yang LC, Ho HC, Wu JY, Chen YT. Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):486. doi: 10.1038/428486a. PMID:15057820 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/428486a
  2. ↑ Varnavidou-Nicolaidou A, Karpasitou K, Georgiou D, Stylianou G, Kokkofitou A, Michalis C, Constantina C, Gregoriadou C, Kyriakides G. HLA-B27 in the Greek Cypriot population: distribution of subtypes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and other HLA-B27-related diseases. The possible protective role of B*2707. Hum Immunol. 2004 Dec;65(12):1451-4. PMID:15603872 doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2004.08.177
  3. ↑ Kirino Y, Bertsias G, Ishigatsubo Y, Mizuki N, Tugal-Tutkun I, Seyahi E, Ozyazgan Y, Sacli FS, Erer B, Inoko H, Emrence Z, Cakar A, Abaci N, Ustek D, Satorius C, Ueda A, Takeno M, Kim Y, Wood GM, Ombrello MJ, Meguro A, Gul A, Remmers EF, Kastner DL. Genome-wide association analysis identifies new susceptibility loci for Behcet's disease and epistasis between HLA-B*51 and ERAP1. Nat Genet. 2013 Feb;45(2):202-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.2520. Epub 2013 Jan 6. PMID:23291587 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2520
  4. ↑ Mallal S, Nolan D, Witt C, Masel G, Martin AM, Moore C, Sayer D, Castley A, Mamotte C, Maxwell D, James I, Christiansen FT. Association between presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir. Lancet. 2002 Mar 2;359(9308):727-32. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07873-x. PMID:11888582 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07873-x
  5. ↑ Raychaudhuri S, Sandor C, Stahl EA, Freudenberg J, Lee HS, Jia X, Alfredsson L, Padyukov L, Klareskog L, Worthington J, Siminovitch KA, Bae SC, Plenge RM, Gregersen PK, de Bakker PI. Five amino acids in three HLA proteins explain most of the association between MHC and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet. 2012 Jan 29;44(3):291-6. doi: 10.1038/ng.1076. PMID:22286218 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.1076
  6. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  7. ↑ Schmidt J, Iversen AK, Tenzer S, Gostick E, Price DA, Lohmann V, Distler U, Bowness P, Schild H, Blum HE, Klenerman P, Neumann-Haefelin C, Thimme R. Rapid antigen processing and presentation of a protective and immunodominant HLA-B*27-restricted hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T-cell epitope. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(11):e1003042. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003042. Epub 2012, Nov 29. PMID:23209413 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003042
  8. ↑ Motozono C, Kuse N, Sun X, Rizkallah PJ, Fuller A, Oka S, Cole DK, Sewell AK, Takiguchi M. Molecular basis of a dominant T cell response to an HIV reverse transcriptase 8-mer epitope presented by the protective allele HLA-B*51:01. J Immunol. 2014 Apr 1;192(7):3428-34. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302667. Epub 2014, Mar 5. PMID:24600035 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1302667
  9. ↑ Kloverpris HN, Cole DK, Fuller A, Carlson J, Beck K, Schauenburg AJ, Rizkallah PJ, Buus S, Sewell AK, Goulder P. A molecular switch in immunodominant HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell epitopes shapes differential HLA-restricted escape. Retrovirology. 2015 Feb 20;12(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12977-015-0149-5. PMID:25808313 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12977-015-0149-5
  10. ↑ Chan KF, Gully BS, Gras S, Beringer DX, Kjer-Nielsen L, Cebon J, McCluskey J, Chen W, Rossjohn J. Divergent T-cell receptor recognition modes of a HLA-I restricted extended tumour-associated peptide. Nat Commun. 2018 Mar 12;9(1):1026. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03321-w. PMID:29531227 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03321-w
  11. ↑ Barber LD, Gillece-Castro B, Percival L, Li X, Clayberger C, Parham P. Overlap in the repertoires of peptides bound in vivo by a group of related class I HLA-B allotypes. Curr Biol. 1995 Feb 1;5(2):179-90. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x. PMID:7743181 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x
  12. ↑ Peh CA, Burrows SR, Barnden M, Khanna R, Cresswell P, Moss DJ, McCluskey J. HLA-B27-restricted antigen presentation in the absence of tapasin reveals polymorphism in mechanisms of HLA class I peptide loading. Immunity. 1998 May;8(5):531-42. doi: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80558-0. PMID:9620674 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80558-0
  13. ↑ Kloverpris HN, Cole DK, Fuller A, Carlson J, Beck K, Schauenburg AJ, Rizkallah PJ, Buus S, Sewell AK, Goulder P. A molecular switch in immunodominant HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell epitopes shapes differential HLA-restricted escape. Retrovirology. 2015 Feb 20;12(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12977-015-0149-5. PMID:25808313 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12977-015-0149-5
  14. ↑ Chan KF, Gully BS, Gras S, Beringer DX, Kjer-Nielsen L, Cebon J, McCluskey J, Chen W, Rossjohn J. Divergent T-cell receptor recognition modes of a HLA-I restricted extended tumour-associated peptide. Nat Commun. 2018 Mar 12;9(1):1026. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03321-w. PMID:29531227 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03321-w
  15. ↑ Peng Y, Mentzer AJ, Liu G, Yao X, Yin Z, Dong D, Dejnirattisai W, Rostron T, Supasa P, Liu C, Lopez-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Zhao Y, Stuart DI, Paesen GC, Grimes JM, Antson AA, Bayfield OW, Hawkins DEDP, Ker DS, Wang B, Turtle L, Subramaniam K, Thomson P, Zhang P, Dold C, Ratcliff J, Simmonds P, de Silva T, Sopp P, Wellington D, Rajapaksa U, Chen YL, Salio M, Napolitani G, Paes W, Borrow P, Kessler BM, Fry JW, Schwabe NF, Semple MG, Baillie JK, Moore SC, Openshaw PJM, Ansari MA, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Frater J, Kerr G, Goulder P, Lockett T, Levin R, Zhang Y, Jing R, Ho LP, Cornall RJ, Conlon CP, Klenerman P, Screaton GR, Mongkolsapaya J, McMichael A, Knight JC, Ogg G, Dong T. Broad and strong memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19. Nat Immunol. 2020 Nov;21(11):1336-1345. doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6. Epub 2020, Sep 4. PMID:32887977 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6
  16. ↑ Barber LD, Gillece-Castro B, Percival L, Li X, Clayberger C, Parham P. Overlap in the repertoires of peptides bound in vivo by a group of related class I HLA-B allotypes. Curr Biol. 1995 Feb 1;5(2):179-90. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x. PMID:7743181 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x
  17. ↑ Peh CA, Burrows SR, Barnden M, Khanna R, Cresswell P, Moss DJ, McCluskey J. HLA-B27-restricted antigen presentation in the absence of tapasin reveals polymorphism in mechanisms of HLA class I peptide loading. Immunity. 1998 May;8(5):531-42. doi: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80558-0. PMID:9620674 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80558-0
  18. ↑ Honeyborne I, Prendergast A, Pereyra F, Leslie A, Crawford H, Payne R, Reddy S, Bishop K, Moodley E, Nair K, van der Stok M, McCarthy N, Rousseau CM, Addo M, Mullins JI, Brander C, Kiepiela P, Walker BD, Goulder PJ. Control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is associated with HLA-B*13 and targeting of multiple gag-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes. J Virol. 2007 Apr;81(7):3667-72. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02689-06. Epub 2007 Jan 24. PMID:17251285 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02689-06
  19. ↑ Bilsborough J, Panichelli C, Duffour MT, Warnier G, Lurquin C, Schultz ES, Thielemans K, Corthals J, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-3 peptide presented by HLA-B44 is also recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-B18. Tissue Antigens. 2002 Jul;60(1):16-24. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.600103.x. PMID:12366779 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.600103.x
  20. ↑ Hickman HD, Luis AD, Buchli R, Few SR, Sathiamurthy M, VanGundy RS, Giberson CF, Hildebrand WH. Toward a definition of self: proteomic evaluation of the class I peptide repertoire. J Immunol. 2004 Mar 1;172(5):2944-52. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2944. PMID:14978097 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2944
  21. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  22. ↑ Rist MJ, Theodossis A, Croft NP, Neller MA, Welland A, Chen Z, Sullivan LC, Burrows JM, Miles JJ, Brennan RM, Gras S, Khanna R, Brooks AG, McCluskey J, Purcell AW, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. HLA Peptide Length Preferences Control CD8+ T Cell Responses. J Immunol. 2013 Jun 7. PMID:23749632 doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300292
  23. ↑ Berkhoff EG, Boon AC, Nieuwkoop NJ, Fouchier RA, Sintnicolaas K, Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF. A mutation in the HLA-B*2705-restricted NP383-391 epitope affects the human influenza A virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in vitro. J Virol. 2004 May;78(10):5216-22. doi: 10.1128/jvi.78.10.5216-5222.2004. PMID:15113903 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.10.5216-5222.2004
  24. ↑ Stewart-Jones GB, di Gleria K, Kollnberger S, McMichael AJ, Jones EY, Bowness P. Crystal structures and KIR3DL1 recognition of three immunodominant viral peptides complexed to HLA-B*2705. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Feb;35(2):341-51. PMID:15657948 doi:10.1002/eji.200425724
  25. ↑ Schneidewind A, Brockman MA, Sidney J, Wang YE, Chen H, Suscovich TJ, Li B, Adam RI, Allgaier RL, Mothe BR, Kuntzen T, Oniangue-Ndza C, Trocha A, Yu XG, Brander C, Sette A, Walker BD, Allen TM. Structural and functional constraints limit options for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape in the immunodominant HLA-B27-restricted epitope in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid. J Virol. 2008 Jun;82(11):5594-605. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02356-07. Epub 2008 Apr 2. PMID:18385228 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02356-07
  26. ↑ Dazert E, Neumann-Haefelin C, Bressanelli S, Fitzmaurice K, Kort J, Timm J, McKiernan S, Kelleher D, Gruener N, Tavis JE, Rosen HR, Shaw J, Bowness P, Blum HE, Klenerman P, Bartenschlager R, Thimme R. Loss of viral fitness and cross-recognition by CD8+ T cells limit HCV escape from a protective HLA-B27-restricted human immune response. J Clin Invest. 2009 Feb;119(2):376-86. doi: 10.1172/JCI36587. Epub 2009 Jan 12. PMID:19139562 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI36587
  27. ↑ Jardetzky TS, Lane WS, Robinson RA, Madden DR, Wiley DC. Identification of self peptides bound to purified HLA-B27. Nature. 1991 Sep 26;353(6342):326-9. doi: 10.1038/353326a0. PMID:1922338 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353326a0
  28. ↑ Peruzzi M, Wagtmann N, Long EO. A p70 killer cell inhibitory receptor specific for several HLA-B allotypes discriminates among peptides bound to HLA-B*2705. J Exp Med. 1996 Oct 1;184(4):1585-90. doi: 10.1084/jem.184.4.1585. PMID:8879234 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.184.4.1585
  29. ↑ Peh CA, Burrows SR, Barnden M, Khanna R, Cresswell P, Moss DJ, McCluskey J. HLA-B27-restricted antigen presentation in the absence of tapasin reveals polymorphism in mechanisms of HLA class I peptide loading. Immunity. 1998 May;8(5):531-42. doi: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80558-0. PMID:9620674 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80558-0
  30. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  31. ↑ Peng Y, Mentzer AJ, Liu G, Yao X, Yin Z, Dong D, Dejnirattisai W, Rostron T, Supasa P, Liu C, Lopez-Camacho C, Slon-Campos J, Zhao Y, Stuart DI, Paesen GC, Grimes JM, Antson AA, Bayfield OW, Hawkins DEDP, Ker DS, Wang B, Turtle L, Subramaniam K, Thomson P, Zhang P, Dold C, Ratcliff J, Simmonds P, de Silva T, Sopp P, Wellington D, Rajapaksa U, Chen YL, Salio M, Napolitani G, Paes W, Borrow P, Kessler BM, Fry JW, Schwabe NF, Semple MG, Baillie JK, Moore SC, Openshaw PJM, Ansari MA, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Frater J, Kerr G, Goulder P, Lockett T, Levin R, Zhang Y, Jing R, Ho LP, Cornall RJ, Conlon CP, Klenerman P, Screaton GR, Mongkolsapaya J, McMichael A, Knight JC, Ogg G, Dong T. Broad and strong memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19. Nat Immunol. 2020 Nov;21(11):1336-1345. doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6. Epub 2020, Sep 4. PMID:32887977 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6
  32. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  33. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  34. ↑ Peh CA, Burrows SR, Barnden M, Khanna R, Cresswell P, Moss DJ, McCluskey J. HLA-B27-restricted antigen presentation in the absence of tapasin reveals polymorphism in mechanisms of HLA class I peptide loading. Immunity. 1998 May;8(5):531-42. doi: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80558-0. PMID:9620674 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80558-0
  35. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  36. ↑ Hilton HG, McMurtrey CP, Han AS, Djaoud Z, Guethlein LA, Blokhuis JH, Pugh JL, Goyos A, Horowitz A, Buchli R, Jackson KW, Bardet W, Bushnell DA, Robinson PJ, Mendoza JL, Birnbaum ME, Nielsen M, Garcia KC, Hildebrand WH, Parham P. The Intergenic Recombinant HLA-B *46:01 Has a Distinctive Peptidome that Includes KIR2DL3 Ligands. Cell Rep. 2017 May 16;19(7):1394-1405. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.059. PMID:28514659 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.059
  37. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  38. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  39. ↑ Hillen N, Mester G, Lemmel C, Weinzierl AO, Muller M, Wernet D, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S. Essential differences in ligand presentation and T cell epitope recognition among HLA molecules of the HLA-B44 supertype. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838632. PMID:18991276 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838632
  40. ↑ Motozono C, Kuse N, Sun X, Rizkallah PJ, Fuller A, Oka S, Cole DK, Sewell AK, Takiguchi M. Molecular basis of a dominant T cell response to an HIV reverse transcriptase 8-mer epitope presented by the protective allele HLA-B*51:01. J Immunol. 2014 Apr 1;192(7):3428-34. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302667. Epub 2014, Mar 5. PMID:24600035 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1302667
  41. ↑ Barber LD, Gillece-Castro B, Percival L, Li X, Clayberger C, Parham P. Overlap in the repertoires of peptides bound in vivo by a group of related class I HLA-B allotypes. Curr Biol. 1995 Feb 1;5(2):179-90. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x. PMID:7743181 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x
  42. ↑ Barber LD, Gillece-Castro B, Percival L, Li X, Clayberger C, Parham P. Overlap in the repertoires of peptides bound in vivo by a group of related class I HLA-B allotypes. Curr Biol. 1995 Feb 1;5(2):179-90. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x. PMID:7743181 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x
  43. ↑ Barber LD, Gillece-Castro B, Percival L, Li X, Clayberger C, Parham P. Overlap in the repertoires of peptides bound in vivo by a group of related class I HLA-B allotypes. Curr Biol. 1995 Feb 1;5(2):179-90. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x. PMID:7743181 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x
  44. ↑ Vivian JP, Duncan RC, Berry R, O'Connor GM, Reid HH, Beddoe T, Gras S, Saunders PM, Olshina MA, Widjaja JM, Harpur CM, Lin J, Maloveste SM, Price DA, Lafont BA, McVicar DW, Clements CS, Brooks AG, Rossjohn J. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1-mediated recognition of human leukocyte antigen B. Nature. 2011 Oct 23;479(7373):401-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10517. PMID:22020283 doi:10.1038/nature10517
  45. ↑ Saunders PM, Vivian JP, Baschuk N, Beddoe T, Widjaja J, O'Connor GM, Hitchen C, Pymm P, Andrews DM, Gras S, McVicar DW, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. The Interaction of KIR3DL1*001 with HLA Class I Molecules Is Dependent upon Molecular Microarchitecture within the Bw4 Epitope. J Immunol. 2014 Dec 5. pii: 1402542. PMID:25480565 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1402542
  46. ↑ Bansal A, Gehre MN, Qin K, Sterrett S, Ali A, Dang Y, Abraham S, Costanzo MC, Venegas LA, Tang J, Manjunath N, Brockman MA, Yang OO, Kan-Mitchell J, Goepfert PA. HLA-E-restricted HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses in natural infection. J Clin Invest. 2021 Aug 16;131(16):e148979. PMID:34228645 doi:10.1172/JCI148979
  47. ↑ Barber LD, Gillece-Castro B, Percival L, Li X, Clayberger C, Parham P. Overlap in the repertoires of peptides bound in vivo by a group of related class I HLA-B allotypes. Curr Biol. 1995 Feb 1;5(2):179-90. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x. PMID:7743181 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00039-x
  48. ↑ Maenaka K, Maenaka T, Tomiyama H, Takiguchi M, Stuart DI, Jones EY. Nonstandard peptide binding revealed by crystal structures of HLA-B*5101 complexed with HIV immunodominant epitopes. J Immunol. 2000 Sep 15;165(6):3260-7. PMID:10975842

1e28, resolution 3.00Å

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