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[[Image:1heq.jpg|left|200px]]


{{Structure
==STRUCTURAL AND THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATING MUTATIONS WITHIN THE CORE OF CHICKEN EGG WHITE LYSOZYME==
|PDB= 1heq |SIZE=350|CAPTION= <scene name='initialview01'>1heq</scene>, resolution 1.8&Aring;
<StructureSection load='1heq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1heq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.80&Aring;' scene=''>
|SITE=  
== Structural highlights ==
|LIGAND=  
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1heq]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallus_gallus Gallus gallus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HEQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HEQ FirstGlance]. <br>
|ACTIVITY= [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysozyme Lysozyme], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.2.1.17 3.2.1.17]  
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.8&#8491;</td></tr>
|GENE=  
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1heq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1heq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1heq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1heq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1heq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1heq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
}}
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LYSC_CHICK LYSC_CHICK] Lysozymes have primarily a bacteriolytic function; those in tissues and body fluids are associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and enhance the activity of immunoagents. Has bacteriolytic activity against M.luteus.<ref>PMID:22044478</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/he/1heq_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1heq ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
High resolution crystal structures have been determined for six chicken-type lysozymes that were constructed to investigate putative intermediates in the evolution of the lysozymes of modern game birds (Malcolm, B. A., Wilson, K. P., Matthews, B. W., Kirsch, J. F., and Wilson, A. C. (1990) Nature 345, 86-89). The amino acid replacements include Thr-40----Ser, Ile-55----Val, and Ser-91----Thr, as well as combinations of these substitutions. Residues 40, 55, and 91 are buried within the core of chicken lysozyme. The replacements therefore involve the insertion and/or removal of methyl groups from the protein interior. The mutant proteins have normal activities, and their thermal stabilities span a range of 7 degrees C, with some variants more stable and some less stable than the naturally occurring forms. Comparison of the crystal structures shows the overall structures to be very similar, but there are differences in the packing of side chains in the region of the replacements. The x-ray coordinates were used to evaluate the repacking of side chains in the protein interior and to attempt to evaluate the contributions of the different energetic interactions toward the overall stability of each variant. The results illustrate how proteins can compensate for potentially destabilizing substitutions in different ways and underscore the importance of high resolution structural data if changes in protein thermostability due to changes in protein sequence are to be understood. The findings also suggest that protein stability can be increased by mutations that lower strain in the protein interior while maintaining total buried hydrophobic surface area.


'''STRUCTURAL AND THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATING MUTATIONS WITHIN THE CORE OF CHICKEN EGG WHITE LYSOZYME'''
Structural and thermodynamic analysis of compensating mutations within the core of chicken egg white lysozyme.,Wilson KP, Malcolm BA, Matthews BW J Biol Chem. 1992 May 25;267(15):10842-9. PMID:1587860<ref>PMID:1587860</ref>


From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1heq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Overview==
==See Also==
High resolution crystal structures have been determined for six chicken-type lysozymes that were constructed to investigate putative intermediates in the evolution of the lysozymes of modern game birds (Malcolm, B. A., Wilson, K. P., Matthews, B. W., Kirsch, J. F., and Wilson, A. C. (1990) Nature 345, 86-89). The amino acid replacements include Thr-40----Ser, Ile-55----Val, and Ser-91----Thr, as well as combinations of these substitutions. Residues 40, 55, and 91 are buried within the core of chicken lysozyme. The replacements therefore involve the insertion and/or removal of methyl groups from the protein interior. The mutant proteins have normal activities, and their thermal stabilities span a range of 7 degrees C, with some variants more stable and some less stable than the naturally occurring forms. Comparison of the crystal structures shows the overall structures to be very similar, but there are differences in the packing of side chains in the region of the replacements. The x-ray coordinates were used to evaluate the repacking of side chains in the protein interior and to attempt to evaluate the contributions of the different energetic interactions toward the overall stability of each variant. The results illustrate how proteins can compensate for potentially destabilizing substitutions in different ways and underscore the importance of high resolution structural data if changes in protein thermostability due to changes in protein sequence are to be understood. The findings also suggest that protein stability can be increased by mutations that lower strain in the protein interior while maintaining total buried hydrophobic surface area.
*[[Lysozyme 3D structures|Lysozyme 3D structures]]
 
== References ==
==About this Structure==
<references/>
1HEQ is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallus_gallus Gallus gallus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HEQ OCA].
__TOC__
 
</StructureSection>
==Reference==
Structural and thermodynamic analysis of compensating mutations within the core of chicken egg white lysozyme., Wilson KP, Malcolm BA, Matthews BW, J Biol Chem. 1992 May 25;267(15):10842-9. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1587860 1587860]
[[Category: Gallus gallus]]
[[Category: Gallus gallus]]
[[Category: Lysozyme]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Malcolm BA]]
[[Category: Malcolm, B A.]]
[[Category: Matthews BW]]
[[Category: Matthews, B W.]]
[[Category: Wilson KP]]
[[Category: Wilson, K P.]]
[[Category: hydrolase(o-glycosyl)]]
 
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