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==The structure of the RACK1 interaction sites located within the unique N-terminal region of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE4D5.== | |||
<StructureSection load='1e9k' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1e9k]]' scene=''> | |||
== Structural highlights == | |||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1e9k]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1E9K OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1E9K FirstGlance]. <br> | |||
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr> | |||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1e9k FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1e9k OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1e9k PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1e9k RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1e9k PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1e9k ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== Disease == | |||
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDE4D_HUMAN PDE4D_HUMAN] Note=Genetic variations in PDE4D might be associated with susceptibility to stroke. PubMed:17006457 states that association with stroke has to be considered with caution. Defects in PDE4D are the cause of acrodysostosis type 2, with or without hormone resistance (ACRDYS2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614613 614613]. ACRDYS2 is a pleiotropic disorder characterized by skeletal, endocrine, and neurological abnormalities. Skeletal features include brachycephaly, midface hypoplasia with a small upturned nose, brachydactyly, and lumbar spinal stenosis. Endocrine abnormalities include hypothyroidism and hypogonadism in males and irregular menses in females. Developmental disability is a common finding but is variable in severity and can be associated with significant behavioral problems.<ref>PMID:22464250</ref> | |||
== Function == | |||
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDE4D_HUMAN PDE4D_HUMAN] Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.<ref>PMID:15260978</ref> <ref>PMID:15576036</ref> | |||
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | |||
== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
The unique 88 amino acid N-terminal region of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4D5 (PDE4D5) contains overlapping binding sites conferring interaction with the signaling scaffold proteins, betaarrestin and RACK1. A 38-mer peptide, whose sequence reflected residues 12 through 49 of PDE4D5, encompasses the entire N-terminal RACK1 Interaction Domain (RAID1) together with a portion of the beta-arrestin binding site. (1)H NMR and CD analyses indicate that this region has propensity to form a helical structure. The leucine-rich hydrophobic grouping essential for RACK1 interaction forms a discrete hydrophobic ridge located along a single face of an amphipathic alpha-helix with Arg34 and Asn36, which also play important roles in RACK1 binding. The Asn22/Pro23/Trp24/Asn26 grouping, essential for RACK1 interaction, was located at the N-terminal head of the amphipathic helix that contained the hydrophobic ridge. RAID1 is thus provided by a distinct amphipathic helical structure. We suggest that the binding of PDE4D5 to the WD-repeat protein, RACK1, may occur in a manner akin to the helix-helix interaction shown for G(gamma) binding to the WD-repeat protein, G(beta). A more extensive section of the PDE4D5 N-terminal sequence (Thr11-Ala85) is involved in beta-arrestin binding. Several residues within the RAID1 helix contribute to this interaction however. We show here that these residues form a focused band around the centre of the RAID1 helix, generating a hydrophobic patch (from Leu29, Val30 and Leu33) flanked by polar/charged residues (Asn26, Glu27, Asp28, Arg34). The interaction with beta-arrestin exploits a greater circumference on the RAID1 helix, and involves two residues (Glu27, Asp28) that do not contribute to RACK1 binding. In contrast, the interaction of RACK1 with RAID1 is extended over a greater length of the helix and includes Leu37/Leu38, which do not contribute to beta-arrestin binding. A membrane-permeable, stearoylated Val12-Ser49 38-mer peptide disrupted the interaction of both beta-arrestin and RACK1 with endogenous PDE4D5 in HEKB2 cells, whilst a cognate peptide with a Glu27Ala substitution selectively failed to disrupt PDE4D5/RACK1 interaction. The stearoylated Val12-Ser49 38-mer peptide enhanced the isoprenaline-stimulated PKA phosphorylation of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)AR) and its activation of ERK, whilst the Glu27Ala peptide was ineffective in both these regards. | |||
1H NMR structural and functional characterisation of a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4D5 (PDE4D5) N-terminal region peptide that disrupts PDE4D5 interaction with the signalling scaffold proteins, beta-arrestin and RACK1.,Smith KJ, Baillie GS, Hyde EI, Li X, Houslay TM, McCahill A, Dunlop AJ, Bolger GB, Klussmann E, Adams DR, Houslay MD Cell Signal. 2007 Dec;19(12):2612-24. Epub 2007 Sep 1. PMID:17900862<ref>PMID:17900862</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="pdbe-citations 1e9k" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | |||
== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Phosphodiesterase 3D structures|Phosphodiesterase 3D structures]] | |||
[[Category: | == References == | ||
[[Category: | <references/> | ||
[[Category: Bolger | __TOC__ | ||
[[Category: Houslay | </StructureSection> | ||
[[Category: Hyde | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Large Structures]] | ||
[[Category: Smith | [[Category: Bolger GB]] | ||
[[Category: Steele | [[Category: Houslay MD]] | ||
[[Category: Hyde EI]] | |||
[[Category: McCahill A]] | |||
[[Category: Smith KJ]] | |||
[[Category: Steele MR]] | |||