SN1 reaction: Difference between revisions
New page: == S<sub>N</sub>1-Substitution of Cl<sup>-</sup> and ''tert''-Butanol == <Structure load='SN1_animation3d.xyz.gz' size='400' frame='true' align='right' caption='' scene='' /> In general, ... |
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== S<sub>N</sub>1-Substitution of Cl<sup>-</sup> and ''tert''-Butanol == | == S<sub>N</sub>1-Substitution of Cl<sup>-</sup> and ''tert''-Butanol == | ||
< | <StructureSection load='' size='340' side='right' caption='' scene='54/542276/Side_view/3'> | ||
The S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction belongs to the basic reaction in organic chemistry. The number 1 says that it is a monomolecular reaction. This means that in the rate determining step of the reaction, only one of the educts is involved. The kinetic of the reaction therefore follows the reation rate of first order. | |||
In general, substitutions exchange substituents in an organic molecule. One example of an S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction is the exchange of the Hydroxide in <i>tert</i>-Butanol by a Chloride Ion or | |||
In general, SN1 substitution can take place when a stable carbocation can be formed. If not, the reaction follows the SN2 mechanism. | In general, SN1 substitution can take place when a stable carbocation can be formed. If not, the reaction follows the SN2 mechanism. | ||
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In the <jmol><jmolLink><script>anim mode once; frame range 11 20; delay 0.5; frame play</script><text>second step</text></jmolLink></jmol>, the haloanion bound to the carbocation, and a neutral haloalkane is formed. With this step, the hydroxy-substituent is replaced by a halogen-substituent. | In the <jmol><jmolLink><script>anim mode once; frame range 11 20; delay 0.5; frame play</script><text>second step</text></jmolLink></jmol>, the haloanion bound to the carbocation, and a neutral haloalkane is formed. With this step, the hydroxy-substituent is replaced by a halogen-substituent. | ||
[[Image:reaction_scheme_sn1.jpg|500px]] | |||
<jmol> | <jmol> | ||
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<jmolButton><script>if(_animating);anim off;else;frame play;endif</script><text>Toggle animation</text></jmolButton> | <jmolButton><script>if(_animating);anim off;else;frame play;endif</script><text>Toggle animation</text></jmolButton> | ||
</jmol> | </jmol> | ||
<jmol> | |||
<jmolButton><script>spacefill 90; dots on; wireframe 30;</script><text>translucent atoms</text></jmolButton> | |||
<jmolButton><script>spacefill on; dots off;</script><text>spacefilling atoms</text></jmolButton> | |||
<jmolButton><script>spacefill 90; dots off; wireframe 30;</script><text>backbone</text></jmolButton> | |||
</jmol> | |||
===See also=== | |||
[[SN2_reaction|S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction: Substitution of chloride and methanol]]<br> | |||
[[Esterification|Esterification]]<br> | |||
[[Ozonolysis|Ozonolysis - a type of cycloaddition]] | |||
== References == | |||
This demo was adapted from http://www.chemieunterricht-interaktiv.de/en/animations/sn1_substutition/sn1_substitution_3d.html by Dr. V. Pietzner, part of the ChiLe project | This demo was adapted from http://www.chemieunterricht-interaktiv.de/en/animations/sn1_substutition/sn1_substitution_3d.html by Dr. V. Pietzner, part of the ChiLe project | ||
<references/> | |||
</StructureSection> | |||
[[Category: BioMolViz]] | |||
[[Category: Chemical Reactions]] | |||
Latest revision as of 09:16, 20 July 2021
SN1-Substitution of Cl- and tert-ButanolSN1-Substitution of Cl- and tert-Butanol
The SN1 reaction belongs to the basic reaction in organic chemistry. The number 1 says that it is a monomolecular reaction. This means that in the rate determining step of the reaction, only one of the educts is involved. The kinetic of the reaction therefore follows the reation rate of first order. In general, substitutions exchange substituents in an organic molecule. One example of an SN1 reaction is the exchange of the Hydroxide in tert-Butanol by a Chloride Ion or In general, SN1 substitution can take place when a stable carbocation can be formed. If not, the reaction follows the SN2 mechanism. The SN1 with the removement of a hydroxide-ion out of the molecule, in this case tert-Butanol. By this, a positively charged carbocation with a planar geometry is formed. This step is also the rate-determing step because it is the slowest step in this reaction. In the , the haloanion bound to the carbocation, and a neutral haloalkane is formed. With this step, the hydroxy-substituent is replaced by a halogen-substituent.
See alsoSN2 reaction: Substitution of chloride and methanol Esterification ReferencesThis demo was adapted from http://www.chemieunterricht-interaktiv.de/en/animations/sn1_substutition/sn1_substitution_3d.html by Dr. V. Pietzner, part of the ChiLe project
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