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<StructureSection load="1ya5" size="400" color="" frame="true"  spin="on" Scene ="" align="right" caption="Human titin residues [[1ya5]]">
<StructureSection load="1ya5" size="350" caption="Human titin dimer residues 1-196 (grey and pale green) complex with telethonin (dark green) and sulfate, [[1ya5]]">
 
[[Titin]] (TTN) is the largest known protein.  The human TTN contains 34,350 residues.  It is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle.  It has 244 domains connected by unstructured regions.  The domains unfold when TTN is stretched. Additional details in  [[Titin Structure & Function]], [[Group:MUZIC:Titin]].


[[Titin]] (TTN) is the largest known protein.  The human TTN contains 34,350 residues.  It is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle.  It has 244 domains connected by unstructured regions.  The domains unfold when TTN is stretched. <scene name='41/417484/Cv/1'>Human titin dimer residues 1-196 complex with telethonin</scene> ([[1ya5]]). Additional details in<br />
*[[Titin Structure & Function]]<br />
*[[Group:MUZIC:Titin]].
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==Introduction==
==Introduction==


Titin, also known as connectin, is an elastic and approximately 3,6 MDalton large protein which assembles itself to protein filaments. It is made of more than 30000 amino acids and includes 320 protein domains and therefore is known as the largest human protein.
'''Titin''', also known as '''connectin''', is an elastic and approximately 3,6 MDalton large protein which assembles itself to protein filaments. It is made of more than 30000 amino acids and includes 320 protein domains and therefore is known as the largest human protein.
It is a part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcomere sarcomere], the smallest functional unit in the striated muscles. Tintins task in the sarcomere is to center the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin myosinheads] between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin actin] filaments and to re-establish the unstreched mode.  
It is a part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcomere sarcomere], the smallest functional unit in the striated muscles. Tintins task in the sarcomere is to center the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin myosinheads] between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin actin] filaments and to re-establish the unstreched mode.  


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As seen in the image (Z1Z2 / Telethonin complex), the major force enduring component of this complex is an elaborate intermolecular hydrogen bonding network formed across <scene name='2a38/Test/2'>β-strand</scene> among telethonin and Z1Z2 domains, and not intramolecularly among termini β-strands of individual Z1 or Z2 domains. This shift to a stronger force enduring interface reduces the possibility of unraveling the individual Ig-domains, thus stabilizing the complex. This demonstrates how <scene name='2a38/Test/2'>β-strand</scene> cross-linking via [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bonds hydrogen bonds] serves as an important mechanism. It functions as a molecular adhesive, increasing the ability of protein complexes to resist against mechanical stress.
As seen in the image (Z1Z2 / Telethonin complex), the major force enduring component of this complex is an elaborate intermolecular hydrogen bonding network formed across <scene name='2a38/Test/2'>β-strand</scene> among telethonin and Z1Z2 domains, and not intramolecularly among termini β-strands of individual Z1 or Z2 domains. This shift to a stronger force enduring interface reduces the possibility of unraveling the individual Ig-domains, thus stabilizing the complex. This demonstrates how <scene name='2a38/Test/2'>β-strand</scene> cross-linking via [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bonds hydrogen bonds] serves as an important mechanism. It functions as a molecular adhesive, increasing the ability of protein complexes to resist against mechanical stress.


== 3D Structures of Titin ==
==Disease==


''Update July 2012''
See [[Titin related diseases]].


== 3D Structures of Titin ==


[[2wp3]], [[2wwm]], [[3knb]] – hTTN residues 34252-34350+obscuring-like protein 1 fragment – human<br />
[[Titin 3D structures]]
[[2wwk]] - hTTN residues 34252-34350+obscuring-like protein 1 fragment (mutant)<br />
[[2rq8]] – hTTN residues 12677-12765 (mutant) – NMR<br />
[[1tit]], [[1tiu]] - hTTN I27 – NMR<br />
[[2j8h]], [[2j8o]], [[2ill]] – hTTN  residues 24430-24623<br />
[[2nzi]] – hTTN residues 31854-32155<br />
[[2bk8]] – hTTN residues 25073-25166<br />
[[1waa]] - hTTN residues 12801-12889<br />
[[2f8v]], [[1ya5]] - hTTN residues 1-196+telethonin<br />
[[2a38]] - hTTN residues 1-194<br />
[[1g1c]] - hTTN residues 2027-2125<br />
[[1bpv]] – hTTN A71 – NMR<br />
[[3lpw]] – hTTN A77-A78<br />
[[3lcy]] – hTTN A164-A165<br />
[[1tki]] – hTTN serine kinase fragment<br />
[[3qp3]] – hYYN M4<br />
[[1nct]], [[1ncu]] – hTTN M5 – NMR<br />
[[1tnm]], [[1tnn]] - hTTN M5<br />
[[3puc]] – hTTN M7<br />
[[2y9r]], [[3q5o]] - hTTN M10<br />
[[2rik]] – rTTN I67-I69 – rabbit<br />
[[2rjm]] - rTTN I67-I69 (mutant)<br />
[[3b43]] - rTTN I65-I70<br />
[[1h8b]] – rTTN residues 648-698+h α Actinin 2 EF hands 3&4<br />
==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==
See: [[Titin Structure & Function]] for additional information <br />
See: [[Titin Structure & Function]] for additional information <br />

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Alexander Berchansky, David Canner, Michal Harel, Jaime Prilusky
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