Rituximab: Difference between revisions
David Canner (talk | contribs) New page: <applet load="" size="480" color="" frame="true" spin="on" Scene ="" align="right" caption="Rituximab, better known as Rituxan, ([[____]])"/> ===Better Known as: Rituxan=== * Marketed B... |
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< | <StructureSection load='2osl' size='450' side='right' scene='Rituximab/Rituximab/2' caption='Rituximab, better known as Rituxan, ([[2osl]])'> | ||
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===Better Known as: Rituxan=== | ===Better Known as: Rituxan=== | ||
* Marketed By: Biogen Idec, Genentech & Roche | * Marketed By: Biogen Idec, Genentech & Roche | ||
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* Date of FDA Approval (Patent Expiration): 1997 (2015) | * Date of FDA Approval (Patent Expiration): 1997 (2015) | ||
* 2009 Sales: $5.7 Billion | * 2009 Sales: $5.7 Billion | ||
* Importance: The best cancer | * Importance: The best selling [[cancer]] treatment in the world. It was the first monoclonal antibody to be approved by the FDA which selectively targets CD20 on B-cells. Also an effective treatment for some autoimmune diseases. Serves as the foundation upon which other, more specific and effective anti-CD20 therapies are being developed. | ||
* See [[Pharmaceutical Drugs]] for more information about other drugs and diseases. | * See [[Pharmaceutical Drugs]] for more information about other drugs and diseases. | ||
===Mechanism of Action=== | ===Mechanism of Action=== | ||
Chronic Lymphocytic [[Cancer|Leukemia]] & [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]] are diseases associated with B-cell dysfunction. B-cells play a key role in the humoral immune system by acting as antigen-presenting cells (which activate T-cells) and by eventually producing antibodies against invading antigens.<ref>doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.07.005</ref> Although the function of B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 has not yet been determined, and in fact knockout mice which do not produce CD20 are healthy, CD20 is expressed on almost all normal and malignant B-cells.<ref>PMID: 15564720</ref> A number of studies have demonstrated that the | Chronic Lymphocytic [[Cancer|Leukemia]] & [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]] are diseases associated with B-cell dysfunction. B-cells play a key role in the humoral immune system by acting as antigen-presenting cells (which activate T-cells) and by eventually producing antibodies against invading antigens.<ref>doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.07.005</ref> Although the function of B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 has not yet been determined, and in fact knockout mice which do not produce CD20 are healthy, CD20 is expressed on almost all normal and malignant B-cells. Since it is not expressed on other plasma cells or normal tissues, it is an ideal target for passive immunotherapy.<ref>PMID: 15564720</ref> A number of studies have demonstrated that the binding of [[monoclonal antibodies]] to CD20 results in recruitment of immunological devices that trigger cytotoxic events, such as compliment-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). CDC is the major natural immune response in the body triggered by [[antibody]] binding, used to eliminate invading or dysfunctional pathogenic cells.<ref>PMID 20068404</ref> Rituximab is an anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody which <scene name='Rituximab/Epi/3'>binds its target epitope</scene> with exceptional specificity. Numerous studies have indicated that <scene name='Rituximab/Crt/1'>residues Ala 170 and Pro 172</scene> on human CD20 are critical determinants for effective binding. <scene name='Rituximab/All/2'>Several other interactions</scene> effectively fine tune and strengthen the bond between Rituximab and the epitope peptide.<ref>DOI 10.1074/jbc.M701654200</ref> See also [[UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2#Rituximab Fab|Rituximab Fab (UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2)]]. | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
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