7uxh: Difference between revisions

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 == Structural highlights ==
 <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7uxh]] is a 34 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7UXH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7UXH FirstGlance]. <br>
-</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GDP:GUANOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>GDP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GTP:GUANOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>GTP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=IHP:INOSITOL+HEXAKISPHOSPHATE'>IHP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
+</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.2&#8491;</td></tr>
+<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GDP:GUANOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>GDP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GTP:GUANOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>GTP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=IHP:INOSITOL+HEXAKISPHOSPHATE'>IHP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
 <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7uxh FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7uxh OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7uxh PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7uxh RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7uxh PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7uxh ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
 == Function ==
-[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MTOR_HUMAN MTOR_HUMAN] Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. This includes phosphorylation of EIF4EBP1 and release of its inhibition toward the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E). Moreover, phosphorylates and activates RPS6KB1 and RPS6KB2 that promote protein synthesis by modulating the activity of their downstream targets including ribosomal protein S6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF4B and the inhibitor of translation initiation PDCD4. Regulates ribosome synthesis by activating RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription through phosphorylation and inhibition of MAF1 a RNA polymerase III-repressor. In parallel to protein synthesis, also regulates lipid synthesis through SREBF1/SREBP1 and LPIN1. To maintain energy homeostasis mTORC1 may also regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through regulation of PPARGC1A. mTORC1 also negatively regulates autophagy through phosphorylation of ULK1. Under nutrient sufficiency, phosphorylates ULK1 at 'Ser-758', disrupting the interaction with AMPK and preventing activation of ULK1. Also prevents autophagy through phosphorylation of the autophagy inhibitor DAP. mTORC1 exerts a feedback control on upstream growth factor signaling that includes phosphorylation and activation of GRB10 a INSR-dependent signaling suppressor. Among other potential targets mTORC1 may phosphorylate CLIP1 and regulate microtubules. As part of the mTORC2 complex MTOR may regulate other cellular processes including survival and organization of the cytoskeleton. Plays a critical role in the phosphorylation at 'Ser-473' of AKT1, a pro-survival effector of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, facilitating its activation by PDK1. mTORC2 may regulate the actin cytoskeleton, through phosphorylation of PRKCA, PXN and activation of the Rho-type guanine nucleotide exchange factors RHOA and RAC1A or RAC1B. mTORC2 also regulates the phosphorylation of SGK1 at 'Ser-422'.<ref>PMID:12150925</ref> <ref>PMID:12150926</ref> <ref>PMID:12231510</ref> <ref>PMID:12087098</ref> <ref>PMID:14651849</ref> <ref>PMID:12718876</ref> <ref>PMID:15268862</ref> <ref>PMID:15545625</ref> <ref>PMID:15467718</ref> <ref>PMID:15718470</ref> <ref>PMID:18925875</ref> <ref>PMID:18762023</ref> <ref>PMID:18497260</ref> <ref>PMID:20537536</ref> <ref>PMID:20516213</ref> <ref>PMID:21659604</ref>
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RRAGC_HUMAN RRAGC_HUMAN] Guanine nucleotide-binding protein forming heterodimeric Rag complexes required for the amino acid-induced relocalization of mTORC1 to the lysosomes and its subsequent activation by the GTPase RHEB. This is a crucial step in the activation of the TOR signaling cascade by amino acids.<ref>PMID:20381137</ref>
+<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
+== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
+The transcription factor TFEB is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy(1). The phosphorylation of TFEB by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)(2-5) is unique in its mTORC1 substrate recruitment mechanism, which is strictly dependent on the amino acid-mediated activation of the RagC GTPase activating protein FLCN(6,7). TFEB lacks the TOR signalling motif responsible for the recruitment of other mTORC1 substrates. We used cryogenic-electron microscopy to determine the structure of TFEB as presented to mTORC1 for phosphorylation, which we refer to as the 'megacomplex'. Two full Rag-Ragulator complexes present each molecule of TFEB to the mTOR active site. One Rag-Ragulator complex is bound to Raptor in the canonical mode seen previously in the absence of TFEB. A second Rag-Ragulator complex (non-canonical) docks onto the first through a RagC GDP-dependent contact with the second Ragulator complex. The non-canonical Rag dimer binds the first helix of TFEB with a RagC(GDP)-dependent aspartate clamp in the cleft between the Rag G domains. In cellulo mutation of the clamp drives TFEB constitutively into the nucleus while having no effect on mTORC1 localization. The remainder of the 108-amino acid TFEB docking domain winds around Raptor and then back to RagA. The double use of RagC GDP contacts in both Rag dimers explains the strong dependence of TFEB phosphorylation on FLCN and the RagC GDP state.
+Structure of the lysosomal mTORC1-TFEB-Rag-Ragulator megacomplex.,Cui Z, Napolitano G, de Araujo MEG, Esposito A, Monfregola J, Huber LA, Ballabio A, Hurley JH Nature. 2023 Feb;614(7948):572-579. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05652-7. Epub 2023 , Jan 25. PMID:36697823<ref>PMID:36697823</ref>
+From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
+</div>
+<div class="pdbe-citations 7uxh" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
+==See Also==
+*[[GTP-binding protein 3D structures|GTP-binding protein 3D structures]]
+*[[Ragulator complex 3D structures|Ragulator complex 3D structures]]
+*[[Raptor 3D structures|Raptor 3D structures]]
 == References ==
 <references/>