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| <StructureSection load='7qk5' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7qk5]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.92Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='7qk5' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7qk5]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.92Å' scene=''> |
| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7qk5]] is a 9 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7QK5 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7QK5 FirstGlance]. <br> | | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7QK5 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7QK5 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene></td></tr> | | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.92Å</td></tr> |
| | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene></td></tr> |
| <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7qk5 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7qk5 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7qk5 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7qk5 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7qk5 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7qk5 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7qk5 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7qk5 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7qk5 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7qk5 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7qk5 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7qk5 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| </table> | | </table> |
| == Disease ==
| |
| [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAU_HUMAN TAU_HUMAN]] Note=In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by tangles of paired helical filaments (PHF) and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of TAU (PHF-TAU or AD P-TAU). O-GlcNAcylation is greatly reduced in Alzheimer disease brain cerebral cortex leading to an increase in TAU/MAPT phosphorylations.<ref>PMID:19451179</ref> <ref>PMID:2484340</ref> <ref>PMID:14517953</ref> Defects in MAPT are a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/600274 600274]]; also called frontotemporal dementia (FTD), pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) or historically termed Pick complex. This form of frontotemporal dementia is characterized by presenile dementia with behavioral changes, deterioration of cognitive capacities and loss of memory. In some cases, parkinsonian symptoms are prominent. Neuropathological changes include frontotemporal atrophy often associated with atrophy of the basal ganglia, substantia nigra, amygdala. In most cases, protein tau deposits are found in glial cells and/or neurons.<ref>PMID:19451179</ref> <ref>PMID:2484340</ref> <ref>PMID:14517953</ref> <ref>PMID:9629852</ref> <ref>PMID:9736786</ref> <ref>PMID:9641683</ref> <ref>PMID:9789048</ref> <ref>PMID:9973279</ref> <ref>PMID:10553987</ref> <ref>PMID:10214944</ref> <ref>PMID:10374757</ref> <ref>PMID:10489057</ref> <ref>PMID:10208578</ref> <ref>PMID:11117541</ref> <ref>PMID:10802785</ref> <ref>PMID:11071507</ref> <ref>PMID:11585254</ref> <ref>PMID:11278002</ref> <ref>PMID:12473774</ref> <ref>PMID:11921059</ref> <ref>PMID:11906000</ref> <ref>PMID:11889249</ref> <ref>PMID:12509859</ref> <ref>PMID:16240366</ref> <ref>PMID:15883319</ref> Defects in MAPT are a cause of Pick disease of the brain (PIDB) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/172700 172700]]. It is a rare form of dementia pathologically defined by severe atrophy, neuronal loss and gliosis. It is characterized by the occurrence of tau-positive inclusions, swollen neurons (Pick cells) and argentophilic neuronal inclusions known as Pick bodies that disproportionally affect the frontal and temporal cortical regions. Clinical features include aphasia, apraxia, confusion, anomia, memory loss and personality deterioration.<ref>PMID:19451179</ref> <ref>PMID:2484340</ref> <ref>PMID:14517953</ref> <ref>PMID:10604746</ref> <ref>PMID:11117542</ref> <ref>PMID:11089577</ref> <ref>PMID:11601501</ref> <ref>PMID:11891833</ref> Note=Defects in MAPT are a cause of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). It is marked by extrapyramidal signs and apraxia and can be associated with memory loss. Neuropathologic features may overlap Alzheimer disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson disease.<ref>PMID:19451179</ref> <ref>PMID:2484340</ref> <ref>PMID:14517953</ref> Defects in MAPT are a cause of progressive supranuclear palsy type 1 (PSNP1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601104 601104]]; also abbreviated as PSP and also known as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. PSNP1 is characterized by akinetic-rigid syndrome, supranuclear gaze palsy, pyramidal tract dysfunction, pseudobulbar signs and cognitive capacities deterioration. Neurofibrillary tangles and gliosis but no amyloid plaques are found in diseased brains. Most cases appear to be sporadic, with a significant association with a common haplotype including the MAPT gene and the flanking regions. Familial cases show an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission with incomplete penetrance; genetic analysis of a few cases showed the occurrence of tau mutations, including a deletion of Asn-613.<ref>PMID:19451179</ref> <ref>PMID:2484340</ref> <ref>PMID:14517953</ref> <ref>PMID:10534245</ref> <ref>PMID:11220749</ref> <ref>PMID:12325083</ref> <ref>PMID:14991829</ref> <ref>PMID:14991828</ref> <ref>PMID:16157753</ref> Defects in MAPT are a cause of Parkinson-dementia syndrome (PARDE) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/260540 260540]]. A syndrome characterized by parkinsonism tremor, rigidity, dementia, ophthalmoparesis and pyramidal signs. Neurofibrillary degeneration occurs in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei.<ref>PMID:19451179</ref> <ref>PMID:2484340</ref> <ref>PMID:14517953</ref>
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| == Function ==
| |
| [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAU_HUMAN TAU_HUMAN]] Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization.<ref>PMID:21985311</ref>
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| <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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| == Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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| Abundant filamentous inclusions of tau are characteristic of more than 20 neurodegenerative diseases that are collectively termed tauopathies. Electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of tau amyloid filaments from human brain revealed that distinct tau folds characterise many different diseases. A lack of laboratory-based model systems to generate these structures has hampered efforts to uncover the molecular mechanisms that underlie tauopathies. Here, we report in vitro assembly conditions with recombinant tau that replicate the structures of filaments from both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), as determined by cryo-EM. Our results suggest that post-translational modifications of tau modulate filament assembly, and that previously observed additional densities in AD and CTE filaments may arise from the presence of inorganic salts, like phosphates and sodium chloride. In vitro assembly of tau into disease-relevant filaments will facilitate studies to determine their roles in different diseases, as well as the development of compounds that specifically bind to these structures or prevent their formation.
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| Assembly of recombinant tau into filaments identical to those of Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.,Lovestam S, Koh FA, van Knippenberg B, Kotecha A, Murzin AG, Goedert M, Scheres SHW Elife. 2022 Mar 4;11. pii: 76494. doi: 10.7554/eLife.76494. PMID:35244536<ref>PMID:35244536</ref>
| | ==See Also== |
| | | *[[Microtubule-associated protein 3D structures|Microtubule-associated protein 3D structures]] |
| From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
| | *[[Tau protein 3D structures|Tau protein 3D structures]] |
| </div>
| |
| <div class="pdbe-citations 7qk5" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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| == References == | |
| <references/>
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| __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| [[Category: Homo sapiens]]
| |
| [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| [[Category: Lovestam, S]] | | [[Category: Lovestam S]] |
| [[Category: Scheres, S H.W]] | | [[Category: Scheres SHW]] |
| [[Category: Alzheimer's disease]]
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| [[Category: Amyloid]]
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| [[Category: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy]]
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| [[Category: Neurodegeneration]]
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| [[Category: Protein fibril]]
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| [[Category: Tau]]
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