CTLA-4: Difference between revisions

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Supriya Pal Sharma, Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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-CTLA4/152 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein
+<StructureSection load='1i8l' size='340' side='right' caption='Human glycosylated CTLA-4 extracellular domain (deepskyblue) complex with CD80 (green) (PDB code [[1i8l]])' scene='83/836584/Cv/1'>
-<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='CTLA4 Caption for this structure' scene=''>
+== Function ==
+'''CTLA4''' or '''Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated protein 4''' or '''CD152''' is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells<ref>PMID:32185705</ref>. CTLA-4 binds CD80 and CD86 with greater affinity and avidity than CD28 thus enabling it to outcompete CD28 for its ligands. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells,[10][11][12][7] whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal.[13][14] CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to their inhibitory function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4.
+See also [[CTLA4 Gene (Protein Coding) Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4]].
+== Disease ==
-Function CTLA4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells. CTLA-4 binds CD80 and CD86 with greater affinity and avidity than CD28 thus enabling it to outcompete CD28 for its ligands. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells,[10][11][12][7] whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal.[13][14] CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to their inhibitory function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4.
+Variants in this gene have been associated with Type 1 diabetes<ref>PMID:10671941</ref>, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis<ref>PMID:12914522</ref>, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases.
-Disease Variants in this gene have been associated with Type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases.
+== Structural highlights ==
-Structural highlights The protein contains an extracellular V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. The intracellular domain is similar to that of CD28,
+The protein contains an extracellular V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. The intracellular domain is similar to that of CD28. <scene name='83/836584/Cv/2'>The complex between CTLA-4 and CD80 is formed mostly by hydrophobic contacts</scene><ref>PMID:11279502</ref>. CTLA-4 residues are shown in ball-and-stick representation, while CD80 residues are in spacefill.
+==3D structures of CTLA-4==
+Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
+[[2x44]], [[3osk]] - hCTLA-4 - human <br />
+[[1ah1]] - hCTLA-4 - NMR<br />
+[[5ggv]], [[5tru]], [[5xj3]], [[6rp8]], [[6xy2]], [[7dv4]], [[7elx]], [[7su0]], [[7su1]], [[8hit]], [[9dq3]] - hCTLA-4 + antibody <br />
+[[6rpj]], [[6rqm]] - hCTLA-4 + nanobody <br />
+[[1i8l]] - hCTLA-4 + CD80<br />
+[[1i85]] - hCTLA-4 + CD86<br />
+[[3bx7]] - hCTLA-4 + LCN2<br />
+[[7cio]] - hCTLA-4 + PI3K<br />
+[[4kkn]] - CTLA-4 - bovine<br />
+[[1dqt]], [[5e56]] - mCTLA-4 - mouse<br />
+[[5e5m]] - mCTLA-4 + nanobody <br />
+[[9dq4]], [[9dq5]] - mCTLA-4 + antibody <br />
+== References ==
+<references/>
+[[Category:Topic Page]]
 References https://www.wikiwand.com/en/CTLA-4