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== Function ==
== Function ==


Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are determinants of gene silencing and epigenetic memory in higher eukaryotes.  The PcG system consists of multimeric repressive protein complexes containing chromatin modifying activities which regulate transcription by modulating chromatin structures.  The PcG proteins regulate pathways in cell differentiation, tissue regeneration and cancer cell growth<ref>PMID:27705803</ref>.  For the '''B'''-cell-specific '''M'''olony leukemia virus '''I'''nsertion site '''1''' (BMI1) see [[BMI1]].
'''Polycomb group (PcG) proteins''' are determinants of gene silencing and epigenetic memory in higher eukaryotes.  The PcG system consists of multimeric repressive protein complexes containing chromatin modifying activities which regulate transcription by modulating chromatin structures.  The PcG proteins regulate pathways in cell differentiation, tissue regeneration and cancer cell growth<ref>PMID:27705803</ref>.  For the '''B'''-cell-specific '''M'''olony leukemia virus '''I'''nsertion site '''1''' (BMI1) see [[BMI1]].
*'''Pcgf5''' and '''Polycomb SUZ12''' are required in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells toward neural cells<ref>PMID:29765032</ref>, <ref>PMID:17339329</ref>.
*'''Pcgf6''' has a critical role in safeguarding lineage decisions and in preventing aberrant expression of germ cell-related genes<ref>PMID:32482889</ref>.
*'''Polycomb EED''' is a component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and is an epigenetic exchange factor coordinating the activities of PRC1 and PRC2<ref>PMID:24457600</ref>.
*'''Polycomb SCMH1''' is a component of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and is involved in sex chromosomes<ref>PMID:17215307</ref>.
*'''Polycomb Sfmbt''' downregulates genes of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis<ref>PMID:36215502</ref>.
*'''Polycomb Asx''' in ''Drosophila'' is required for maintenance of stable repression of homeotic loci<ref>PMID:9477319</ref>.


See also: [[Polycomb complex protein]].
See also: [[Polycomb complex protein]].
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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==


</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>


==3D structures of polycomb proteins==
==3D structures of polycomb proteins==
[[Polycomb complex proteins 3D structures]]


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
*Polycomb BMI1
**[[5fr6]] - hPcG -  human<br />
**[[3rpg]] - hPcG + RING1B + Ubch5C<br />
**[[4r8p]] - hPcG + RING1B + Ubch5C + histones + DNA<br />
*Polycomb EED
**[[5wf7]], [[5bjs]], [[5vk3]] - CtPcG + EZH2/PcG SUZ12 -  ''Chaetomium thermophilum''<br />
**[[5wfd]] - CtPcG + zinc finger containing protein + inhibitor<br />
**[[5wfc]] - CtPcG (mutant) + EZH2/PcG SUZ12 + histone peptide + inhibitor<br />
**[[5tqr]] - CtPcGCP + EZH2/PCP SUZ12 + SAM<br />
**[[3jzn]] - hPcG  <br />
**[[5wg6]] - hPcG + EZH2 <br />
**[[5ij7]], [[5ij8]], [[4w2r]], [[6b3w]] - hPcG + EZH2 + PcG SUZ12  + inhibitor<br />
**[[5ij8]] - hPcG + EZH2 + PcG SUZ12  + inhibitor<br />
**[[5ls6]] - hPcG + EZH2 + PcG SUZ12 + Jarid2 K116me3 <br />
**[[5hyn]] - hPcG + EZH2 + PcG SUZ12 + Jarid2 K116me3 + histone peptide<br />
**[[6c23]], [[6c24]] - hPcG + EZH2 + PcG SUZ12 + Jarid2 substrate + Jumonji + SUZ12 + RBBP4 - Cryo EM<br />
**[[4x3e]] - hPcG + Jarid2 peptide <br />
**[[3jpx]], [[3iiw]], [[3iiy]], [[3ij0]], [[3ij1]], [[3jzg]], [[3jzh]], [[3k26]],[[5fr6]] - hPcG <br />
**[[5u69]], [[5u6d]], [[5u8a]], [[5k0m]], [[5h13]], [[5u5h]], [[5u5k]], [[5u8f]] - hPcG + inhibitor <br />
**[[3ijc]] - hPcG (mutant) + inhibitor <br />
**[[5wp3]] - hPcG + EB22 <br />
**[[5ttw]] - hPcG + UNC4859 <br />
**[[5h14]], [[5h15]], [[5h17]], [[5h19]], [[5u5t]], [[5u62]], [[5h25]], [[5gsa]], [[5h24]], [[5wuk]] - hPcG + EZH2 + inhibitor <br />
**[[1pdq]], [[1pfb]] - DmPcG chromodomain + histone peptide - ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br />
*Polycomb SUZ12
**[[5wak]] - hPcG + RBBP4 <br />
**[[5wai]] - hPcG + RBBP4 + Jarid2 + AEPB2 <br />
**[[2yb8]] - DmPcG + CAF1<br />
*Polycomb SCMH1
**[[2p0k]] - hPcG <br />
*Polycomb SFMBT
**[[4c5e]], [[4c5g]], [[4c5h]] - DmPcG + PcG PHO <br />
**[[5j8y]] - DmPcG + PcG SCM <br />
**[[3h6z]] - DmPcG + histone peptide <br />
*Polycomb PCL
**[[2xk0]] - DmPcG tudor domain - NMR <br />
**[[5oqd]] - DmPcG Phd2 and winged-helix domain  <br />
*Polycomb SCM
**[[2r57]] - DmPcG (mutant) <br />
**[[2r58]], [[2r5a]] - DmPcG (mutant) + methyl-lysine<br />
**[[2r5m]] - DmPcG (mutant) + peptide <br />
}}


== References ==
== References ==

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Jaime Prilusky
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