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| {{Large structure}}
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| ==Structural basis for dynamic regulation of the human 26S proteasome== | | ==Structural basis for dynamic regulation of the human 26S proteasome== |
| <StructureSection load='5t0c' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5t0c]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''> | | <SX load='5t0c' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[5t0c]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.80Å' scene=''> |
| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5t0c]] is a 64 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5T0C OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5T0C FirstGlance]. <br> | | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5t0c]] is a 20 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5T0C OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5T0C FirstGlance]. <br> |
| </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ADP:ADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>ADP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ATP:ADENOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>ATP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> | | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.8Å</td></tr> |
| <tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5t0g|5t0g]], [[5t0h|5t0h]], [[5t0i|5t0i]], [[5t0j|5t0j]]</td></tr> | | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ADP:ADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>ADP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ATP:ADENOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>ATP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> |
| <tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome_endopeptidase_complex Proteasome endopeptidase complex], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.25.1 3.4.25.1] </span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5t0c FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5t0c OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5t0c PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5t0c RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5t0c PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5t0c ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5t0c FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5t0c OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5t0c PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5t0c RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5t0c PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5t0c ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | |
| </table> | | </table> |
| {{Large structure}}
| |
| == Function == | | == Function == |
| [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSB4_HUMAN PSB4_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal macrophage proteasome (By similarity). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1.<ref>PMID:12097147</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DSS1_HUMAN DSS1_HUMAN]] Subunit of the 26S proteasome which plays a role in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.<ref>PMID:15117943</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSA4_HUMAN PSA4_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSD13_HUMAN PSD13_HUMAN]] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSB6_HUMAN PSB6_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the peptidyl glutamyl-like activity. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSMD3_HUMAN PSMD3_HUMAN]] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRS6A_HUMAN PRS6A_HUMAN]] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). In case of HIV-1 infection, suppresses Tat-mediated transactivation. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSA7_HUMAN PSA7_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation or cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, immune and stress response, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Interacts with some important proteins involved in transcription factor regulation, cell cycle transition, viral replication and even tumor initiation and progression. Inhibits the transactivation function of HIF-1A under both normoxic and hypoxia-mimicking conditions. The interaction with EMAP2 increases the proteasome-mediated HIF-1A degradation under the hypoxic conditions. Plays a role in hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Mediates nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor (AR) and thereby enhances androgen-mediated transactivation. Promotes MAVS degradation and thereby negatively regulates MAVS-mediated innate immune response.<ref>PMID:11389899</ref> <ref>PMID:11713272</ref> <ref>PMID:12119296</ref> <ref>PMID:19442227</ref> <ref>PMID:19734229</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSMD1_HUMAN PSMD1_HUMAN]] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRS8_HUMAN PRS8_HUMAN]] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSB5_HUMAN PSB5_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is one of the principal target of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens. Plays a role in the protection against oxidative damage through the Nrf2-ARE pathway (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSA5_HUMAN PSA5_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRS7_HUMAN PRS7_HUMAN]] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. In case of HIV-1 infection, positive modulator of Tat-mediated transactivation.<ref>PMID:9295362</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRS10_HUMAN PRS10_HUMAN]] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSB2_HUMAN PSB2_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit has a trypsin-like activity. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSMD7_HUMAN PSMD7_HUMAN]] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSB7_HUMAN PSB7_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the trypsin-like activity. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSA3_HUMAN PSA3_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Binds to the C-terminus of CDKN1A and thereby mediates its degradation. Negatively regulates the membrane trafficking of the cell-surface thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) isoform 2.<ref>PMID:11350925</ref> <ref>PMID:17499743</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSB3_HUMAN PSB3_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSD12_HUMAN PSD12_HUMAN]] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSDE_HUMAN PSDE_HUMAN]] Metalloprotease component of the 26S proteasome that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. The 26S proteasome is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Plays a role in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs): acts as a regulator of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by cleaving 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin, thereby promoting retention of JMJD2A/KDM4A on chromatin and restricting TP53BP1 accumulation. Also involved in homologous recombination repair by promoting RAD51 loading.<ref>PMID:22909820</ref> <ref>PMID:9374539</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSMD2_HUMAN PSMD2_HUMAN]] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Binds to the intracellular domain of tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. The binding domain of TRAP1 and TRAP2 resides outside the death domain of TNFR1. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRS4_HUMAN PRS4_HUMAN]] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRS6B_HUMAN PRS6B_HUMAN]] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex.<ref>PMID:8060531</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSA2_HUMAN PSA2_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. PSMA2 may have a potential regulatory effect on another component(s) of the proteasome complex through tyrosine phosphorylation. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSMD4_HUMAN PSMD4_HUMAN]] Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Displays selectivity for longer polyubiquitin chains. Modulates intestinal fluid secretion. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSD11_HUMAN PSD11_HUMAN]] Component of the lid subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In the complex, PSMD11 is required for proteasome assembly. Plays a key role in increased proteasome activity in embryonic stem cells (ESCs): its high expression in ESCs promotes enhanced assembly of the 26S proteasome, followed by higher proteasome activity.<ref>PMID:22972301</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSA1_HUMAN PSA1_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction in the macrophage proteasome (By similarity). Might be involved in the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages during the interaction with C.albicans heat-inactivated cells (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSMD8_HUMAN PSMD8_HUMAN]] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Necessary for activation of the CDC28 kinase. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSA6_HUMAN PSA6_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSB1_HUMAN PSB1_HUMAN]] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSMD6_HUMAN PSMD6_HUMAN]] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. | | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSMD1_HUMAN PSMD1_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. |
| | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> |
| | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == |
| | The proteasome is the major engine of protein degradation in all eukaryotic cells. At the heart of this machine is a heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) proteins that unfolds ubiquitylated target proteins that are concurrently translocated into a proteolytic chamber and degraded into peptides. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we determined a near-atomic-resolution structure of the 2.5-MDa human proteasome in its ground state, as well as subnanometer-resolution structures of the holoenzyme in three alternative conformational states. The substrate-unfolding AAA-ATPase channel is narrowed by 10 inward-facing pore loops arranged into two helices that run in parallel with each other, one hydrophobic in character and the other highly charged. The gate of the core particle was unexpectedly found closed in the ground state and open in only one of the alternative states. Coordinated, stepwise conformational changes of the regulatory particle couple ATP hydrolysis to substrate translocation and regulate gating of the core particle, leading to processive degradation. |
| | |
| | Structural basis for dynamic regulation of the human 26S proteasome.,Chen S, Wu J, Lu Y, Ma YB, Lee BH, Yu Z, Ouyang Q, Finley DJ, Kirschner MW, Mao Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Nov 15;113(46):12991-12996. Epub 2016 Oct 21. PMID:27791164<ref>PMID:27791164</ref> |
| | |
| | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="pdbe-citations 5t0c" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> |
| | |
| | ==See Also== |
| | *[[Proteasome 3D structures|Proteasome 3D structures]] |
| == References == | | == References == |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
| __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| </StructureSection> | | </SX> |
| [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| [[Category: Proteasome endopeptidase complex]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| [[Category: Chen, S]] | | [[Category: Chen S]] |
| [[Category: Finley, D]] | | [[Category: Finley D]] |
| [[Category: Kirschner, M W]] | | [[Category: Kirschner MW]] |
| [[Category: Lee, B H]] | | [[Category: Lee BH]] |
| [[Category: Lu, Y]] | | [[Category: Lu Y]] |
| [[Category: Ma, Y B]] | | [[Category: Ma YB]] |
| [[Category: Mao, Y]] | | [[Category: Mao Y]] |
| [[Category: Ouyang, Q]] | | [[Category: Ouyang Q]] |
| [[Category: Wu, J]] | | [[Category: Wu J]] |
| [[Category: Yu, Z]] | | [[Category: Yu Z]] |
| [[Category: Aaa-atpase]]
| |
| [[Category: Hydrolase]]
| |
| [[Category: Ubiquitin-proteasome system]]
| |