Exosome: Difference between revisions
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==Exosome== | ==Exosome== | ||
<StructureSection load='2je6' size='340' side='right' caption='Exosome complex containing exonuclease 1 (green), exonuclease 2 (grey) and exosome complex RNA-binding protein 1 (wheat) complex with PEG400 (pdb code [[2je6]]).' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='2je6' size='340' side='right' caption='Exosome complex containing exonuclease 1 (green), exonuclease 2 (grey) and exosome complex RNA-binding protein 1 (wheat) complex with PEG400 (pdb code [[2je6]]).' scene=''> | ||
The Exosome complex (or just- Exosome) is a multi-protein complex capable of degrading various types of RNA molecules. The Exosome complex is found in eukaryotic cell, and also in archaea, while in bacteria it is found as a simpler complex (but it has the same function). <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex#Structure</ref> | The '''Exosome complex''' (or just- Exosome) is a multi-protein complex capable of degrading various types of RNA molecules. The Exosome complex is found in eukaryotic cell, and also in archaea, while in bacteria it is found as a simpler complex (but it has the same function). <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex#Structure</ref> | ||
Some of the exosome components are:<br /> | |||
*'''MTR3''' and '''SKI6''' are part of RNase PH domain-containing subunits proposed to form a central channel which threads RNA for degradation.<br /> | |||
*'''MTR4''' interacts with Nop53 and together they have a role in the maturation of 5.8S rRNA<ref>PMID:28883156</ref>.<br /> | |||
*'''Rrp6''' is a nuclear-specific subunit promoting cell survival during heat stress<ref>PMID:32521279</ref>.<br /> | |||
*'''Rrp44''' is the catalytic subunit <ref>PMID:19060898</ref>.<br /> | |||
*'''Csl4''' is required for mRNA decay.<br /> | |||
*'''M-phase phosphoprotein 6''' is involved in the 3'-processing of the 7S pre-RNA to the mature 5.8S rRNA. | |||
__TOC__ | |||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
In order to see the structure of the protein complex, press <scene name='60/609824/2nn6/8'>Exosome</scene>. | In order to see the structure of the protein complex, press <scene name='60/609824/2nn6/8'>Exosome</scene>. | ||
===Enzymatic function=== | |||
The exosome is primarily a 3'-5' exoribonuclease, meaning that it degrades RNA molecules from their 3' end. In eukaryotes it also have an endoribonucleolytic function, meaning it cleaves RNA at sites within the molecule. | The exosome is primarily a 3'-5' exoribonuclease, meaning that it degrades RNA molecules from their 3' end. In eukaryotes it also have an endoribonucleolytic function, meaning it cleaves RNA at sites within the molecule. | ||
===Substrates=== | |||
The exosome is involved in the degradation and processing of a wide variety of RNA species. Substrates of the exosome include messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and many species of small RNAs. | The exosome is involved in the degradation and processing of a wide variety of RNA species. Substrates of the exosome include messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and many species of small RNAs. | ||
== Disease == | == Disease == | ||
===Autoimmunity=== | |||
The exosome complex is the target of autoantibodies, which are known to be found in people that suffer from various autoimmune diseases (especially PM/Scl overlap syndrome). In the autoimune diseases, antibodies are mainly directed against two of the proteins of the complex, called PM/Scl-100 and PM/Scl-75. | The exosome complex is the target of autoantibodies, which are known to be found in people that suffer from various autoimmune diseases (especially PM/Scl overlap syndrome). In the autoimune diseases, antibodies are mainly directed against two of the proteins of the complex, called PM/Scl-100 and PM/Scl-75. | ||
===Cancer treatment=== | |||
The Exosome is found to be inhibited by a cancer chemotherapy drug, which called antimetabolite fluorouracil. This drug is one of the most successful drugs for treating solid tumors. | The Exosome is found to be inhibited by a cancer chemotherapy drug, which called antimetabolite fluorouracil. This drug is one of the most successful drugs for treating solid tumors. | ||
===Neurological disorders=== | |||
Mutations in Exosome component 3 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia and spinal motor neuron disease. | Mutations in Exosome component 3 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia and spinal motor neuron disease. | ||
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The core of the Exosome complex is made of a ring, which is consisting of six RNases proteins (Rnase PH-like proteins), and other proteins are attached. | The core of the Exosome complex is made of a ring, which is consisting of six RNases proteins (Rnase PH-like proteins), and other proteins are attached. | ||
You can also view the complex in a <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">ribbon view</scene>. | You can also view the complex in a <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">ribbon view</scene>. | ||
==3D structures of exosome== | |||
[[Exosome 3D structures]] | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category: Topic Page]] | |||