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<StructureSection load='5tkh' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='Glycosylated lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase complex with Cu(II) (orange) and peroxide (PDB code [[5tkh]])' >
<StructureSection load='5tkh' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='Glycosylated lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase complex with Cu(II) (orange) and peroxide (PDB code [[5tkh]])' >
 
__TOC__
== Function ==
== Function ==


'''Monooxygenases''' (MO) catalyzes the incorporation of a hydroxyl group into a variety of substrates.  MO catalyzes the reduction of O<sub>2</sub> to H<sub>2</sub>O while oxidating NADPH.
'''Monooxygenases''' (MO) catalyzes the incorporation of a hydroxyl group into a variety of substrates.  MO catalyzes the reduction of O<sub>2</sub> to H<sub>2</sub>O while oxidating NADPH.
*'''ActVA-Orf6 monooxygenase''' catalyses the oxidation of an aromatic intermediate of the actinorhodin pathway <ref>PMID:12514126</ref>.
*'''Baeyer-Villigen monooxygenase''' is a bioanalytic tool which can catalyze reactions which are difficult to do via chemical means<ref>PMID:15599520</ref>.
*'''TropB monooxygenase''' catalyses asymmetric oxidative dearomatization reactions <ref>PMID:31346489</ref>.
*'''TetX monooxygenase''' inactivates the tetracycline antibiotic <ref>PMID:15452119</ref>.
*'''Phenol 2-monooxygenase''' see [[Phenol hydroxylase (hebrew)]].


=== Peptidylglycine α-Hydroxylating Monooxygenase (PHM)-coordination of peroxide to Cu<sub>M</sub> center. Structural and computational study <ref >doi 10.1007/s00775-012-0967-z</ref>===
=== Peptidylglycine α-Hydroxylating Monooxygenase (PHM)-coordination of peroxide to Cu<sub>M</sub> center. Structural and computational study <ref >doi 10.1007/s00775-012-0967-z</ref>===
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
==3D structures of monooxygenase==
Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
*'''Toluene 4-monooxygenase (TMO)'''
**[[3dhg]], [[3i5j]], [[2inc]] – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits + Fe – ''Pseudomonas mendocina''<br />
**[[2ind]] – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits + Mn <br />
**[[3rng]], [[3rnf]], [[3rne]], [[3rnc]], [[3rnb]], [[3rna]], [[3rn9]], [[3n20]], [[3n1z]], [[3n1y]], [[3n1x]], [[2rdb]] – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits (mutant) + Fe <br />
**[[1sjg]] – PmTMO protein C + Fe <br />
**[[1vm9]] – PmTMO protein C (mutant) + Fe <br />
**[[2bf5]], [[2bf3]], [[2bf2]] – PmTMO protein D <br />
**[[4wqm]] – PmTMO (mutant) + Ni <br />
**[[4p1c]], [[4p1b]] – PmTMO protein A+B+E+ferredoxin (mutant) + Fe <br />
**[[2q3w]] – PmTMO ferredoxin subunit (mutant) + Fe <br />
*TMO complexes
**[[3dhh]], [[3q3n]], [[3q3o]] – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits + Fe + phenol derivative + TMO system effector protein<br />
**[[3rmk]], [[1t0s]], [[1t0q]]  – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits + Fe + phenol derivative<br />
**[[3q14]] – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits + Fe + p-cresol + TMO system effector protein<br />
**[[3q2a]], [[3q3m]] – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits + Fe + benzoate inhibitor + TMO system effector protein<br />
**[[3dhi]] – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits + Fe + TMO system effector protein<br />
**[[3ge3]], [[3ge8]], [[3ri7]] – PmTMO α (mutant)+β+γ subunits + Fe + TMO system effector protein<br />
**[[3i63]] – PmTMO α+β+γ subunits + Fe + TMO system effector protein + H2O2<br />
**[[5tdv]] – PmTMO protein A+B+D+E + Fe + peroxide<br />
**[[5tdu]] – PmTMO protein A+B+D+E + Fe + cresol<br />
**[[5tdt]] – PmTMO protein A+B+D+E + Fe + peroxide + toluene<br />
**[[5tds]] – PmTMO protein A+B+D+E + Fe + toluene<br />
**[[1t0r]] – PsTMO + Fe + OH – ''Pseudomonas stutzeri''<br />
*'''Heme-degrading monooxygenase (IsdI)'''
**[[2zdp]] – SaIsdI + heme-Co – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
**[[3lgm]], [[2zdo]] – SaIsdI + heme-Fe<br />
**[[4fnh]] – SaIsdI (mutant) + heme-Fe<br />
**[[3lgn]] – SaIsdI + heme-Fe + O2<br />
**[[3qgp]] – SaIsdI + heme-Fe + CN<br />
**[[4fni]] – SaIsdI (mutant) + heme-Fe + CN<br />
**[[4nl5]] – MtMO + heme + CN – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<br />
**[[4oz5]] – MO + heme – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
*'''Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO)'''
**[[5x68]] – hKMO + FAD - human<br />
**[[4j2w]], [[4j31]], [[4j33]], [[4j34]] – yKMO + FAD – yeast<br />
**[[4j36]], [[5x64]] – yKMO + FAD + inhibitor<br />
**[[5x6q]] – yKMO (mutant) + FAD + inhibitor<br />
**[[5na5]], [[5x6p]] – PfKMO (mutant) + FAD – ''Pseudomonas fluorescens''<br />
**[[5y7a]], [[5y77]], [[6fox]] – PfKMO + FAD + kynurenine <br />
**[[5nak]] – PfKMO (mutant) + FAD + kynurenine <br />
**[[5y66]] – PfKMO + FAD + kynurenine + inhibitor<br />
**[[6fph]], [[6fp1]], [[6fp0]], [[6foz]], [[6foy]] – PfKMO + FAD + inhibitor<br />
**[[5nah]], [[5nag]], [[5nae]], [[5nab]], [[5n7t]], [[5mzk]], [[5mzi]], [[5mzc]], [[5fn0]] – PfKMO (mutant) + FAD + inhibitor<br />
*'''Phenol 2-monooxygenase (PMO)'''
**[[1foh]] – TcPMO + FAD – ''Trichosporon cutaneum''<br />
**[[1pn0]] – TcPMO + FAD + phenol<br />
*'''Phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase'''
**[[5pah]], [[6pah]] – hFMO catalytic domain + inhibitor <br />
*Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase or phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase
See [[Hydroxylase]]
*'''ActVA-Orf6 monooxygenase (AOMO)'''
**[[1lq9]] – ScAOMO – ''Streptomyces coelicolor''<br />
**[[1n5q]] – ScAOMO + sancycline <br />
**[[1n5s]], [[1n5t]] – ScAOMO + acetyl dithranol<br />
**[[1n5v]] – ScAOMO + nanaomycine <br />
*Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO)
**[[6jdk]] – BVMO – ''Parvibaculum lavamentivorans''<br />
*'''Flavin-containing monooxygenase'''
**[[2gv8]] – fyMO + FAD + NADP – fission yeast<br />
**[[2gvc]] – fyMO + FAD + NADP + methimazole<br />
**[[4a9w]] – SmMO + FAD – ''Stenotrophomonas maltophilia''<br />
**[[4c5o]] – SmMO (mutant) + FAD <br />
**[[5wan]] – EcMO + FMN + uracil – Escherichia coli<br />
**[[5iq4]], [[5iq1]], [[5ipy]] – RnMO (mutant) + FAD + NAP – ''Roseovarius nubinhibens'' <br />
**[[5gsn]] – RnMO (mutant) + FAD + NAP + methimazole <br />
**[[4usr]] – PsMO + FAD <br />
**[[3rp6]] – KpMO + FAD – ''Klebsiella pneumoniae''<br />
**[[3rp8]] – KpMO (mutant) + FAD <br />
**[[3rp7]] – KpMO + FAD + uric acid<br />
**[[3c96]], [[2rgj]] – PaMO + FAD – ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''<br />
**[[2xvf]], [[2xve]] – MaMO + FAD – ''Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans'' <br />
**[[2xvj]] – MaMO (mutant) + FAD + indole <br />
**[[2xvi]] – MaMO (mutant) + FAD + O2<br />
**[[2vqb]] – MaMO (mutant) + FAD + NADP + O2<br />
**[[2xvh]], [[2xlu]], [[2xlt]] – MaMO + FAD + NADP derivative<br />
**[[2xls]], [[2xlr]], [[2xlp]], [[2vq7]] – MaMO (mutant) + FAD + NADP <br />
**[[5nmw]] – ZvMO + FAD – ''Zonocerus variegatus''<br />
**[[5nmx]] – ZvMO + FAD + NADP <br />
*2,4,6-trichlorophenol 4-monooxygenase
**[[4g5e]] – MO – ''Cupriavidus necator''<br />
*Chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase
**[[4oo2]] – MO – ''Streptomyces globisporus''<br />
**[[3k86]], [[3hwc]] – BcMO – ''Burkholderia cepacia'' <br />
**[[3k87]] – BcMO + FAD  <br />
**[[3k88]] – BcMO + FAD + NAD  <br />
*Phenylacetone monooxygenase
**[[4ovi]], [[4c74]] – TfMO + FAD + APADP – ''Thermobifida fusca''<br />
**[[1w4x]] – TfMO + FAD<br />
**[[2ylt]], [[2yls]], [[2ylr]] – TfMO + FAD + NADP <br />
**[[2ylz]] – TfMO (mutant) + FAD  <br />
**[[4c77]] – TfMO (mutant) + FAD + APADP <br />
**[[4d04]] – TfMO (mutant) + FAD + NAP <br />
**[[4d03]], [[2ym2]], [[2ylx]], [[2ylw]] – TfMO (mutant) + FAD + NADP <br />
**[[2ym1]] – TfMO (mutant) + FAD + NADP + O2<br />
*6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase
**[[5eow]] – PpMO + FAD – ''Pseudomonas putida''<br />
*Styrene monooxygenase
**[[3ihm]] – PpMO  <br />
**[[4f07]] – PpMO (mutant) + FAD <br />
*Tryptophan 2-monooxygenase
**[[4iv9]] – MO + FAD – ''Pseudomonas savastanoi''<br />
*Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase
**[[1mlw]] – hMO + Fe + dihydrobiopterin <br />
*Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
**[[2xsn]] – hMO + Zn<br />
**[[2toh]] – rMO + Fe + dihydrobiopterin + tyrosine - rat<br />
**[[2mda]] – rMO regulatory domain <br />
*Nitronate monooxygenase
**[[4q4k]] – PaMO + FMN <br />
**[[6e2a]] – PaMO + FMN + NAD<br />
**[[5lsm]] – MO + FMN – ''Shewanella oneidensis''<br />
**[[6bka]] – MO + FMN – ''Cyberlyndnera mrakii''<br />
*2-hydroxbiphenyl 3-monooxygenase
**[[4z2r]] – PnMO + FAD – ''Pseudomonas nitroreducens''<br />
**[[4cy6]] – PnMO (mutant)  <br />
**[[4z2u]], [[4z2t]], [[4cy8]] – PnMO (mutant) + FAD <br />
**[[5brt]] – PnMO + FAD + hydroxybephenyl <br />
*4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase
**[[4ira]] – BmMO + FAD – ''Brucella melitensis''<br />
**[[3cb0]] – BmMO + FMN<br />
**[[6eb0]] – EcMO oxygenase subunit<br />
**[[6b1b]] – EcMO oxygenase subunit (mutant)<br />
*Ornithine N(5)-monooxygenase
**[[5cku]] – MO + FAD + NADP + ornithine – ''Neosartorya fumigata''<br />
**[[4nzh]], [[4b69]] – AfMO + FAD + ornithine – ''Aspergillus fumigatus''<br />
**[[4b65]] – AfMO + FAD + NADP  <br />
**[[4b68]], [[4b66]] – AfMO + FAD + NAP + arginine <br />
**[[4b67]], [[4b63]] – AfMO + FAD + NADP + ornithine <br />
**[[4b64]] – AfMO + FAD + NADP + lysine <br />
**[[3s61]] – PaMO + FAD + NADP + ornithine derivative<br />
*Steroid monooxygenase
**[[4ap1]], [[4aos]] – RrMO + FAD + NADP – ''Rhodococcus rhodochrous''<br />
**[[4aox]] – RrMO (mutant) + FAD <br />
**[[4ap3]] – RrMO (mutant) + FAD + NADP <br />
*Cyclohexanone monooxygenase
**[[5m10]] – TmMO + FAD + NAP + nicotinamide – ''Thermocripsum municipale''<br />
**[[5m0z]] – TmMO + FAD + NADP derivative <br />
**[[6gqi]] – TmMO + FAD + NADP + hexanic acid <br />
**[[6era]], [[6er9]] – RhMO + FAD + NADP – ''Rhodococcus''<br />
**[[4rg4]], [[4rg3]], [[3gwf]], [[3gwd]] – RhMO + FAD + NAP + caprolactone <br />
**[[3ucl]] – RhMO + FAD + NADP + cyclohexanone <br />
*Lysine 6-monooxygenase
**[[5cqf]] – MO – ''Pseudomonas syringae''<br />
**[[4d7e]] – NfMO (mutant) + FAD – ''Nocardia farcinica''<br />
**[[5o8p]] – EaMO + FAD – ''Erwinia amylovora''<br />
**[[5o8r]] – EaMO + FAD + NADP <br />
*EDTA monooxygenase
**[[5dqp]] – MO – ''Chelativorans''<br />
*Rifampicin monooxygenase or Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase
**[[5vqb]] – SvMO + FAD – ''Sterptomyces venezuelae''<br />
**[[6brd]] – SvMO (mutant) + FAD + rifampicin <br />
**[[5kow]] – NfMO + FAD <br />
**[[5kox]] – NfMO + FAD + rifampicin <br />
*3,6-diketocamphane 1,6 monooxygenase
**[[5aec]] – PpMO <br />
**[[4uwm]] – PpMO + FMN<br />
*Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
**[[5tki]], [[5foh]], [[4qi8]] – NcMO-2 + Cu – ''Neurospora crassa''''Italic text''<br />
**[[5tkh]], [[5tkg]], [[5tkf]], [[4eir]] – NcMO-2 + Cu + O2 <br />
**[[4eis]] – NcMO-3 + Cu + peroxide <br />
**[[5iju]] – MO + Cu – ''Bacillus amyloliquefaciens''<br />
**[[5acj]], [[5aci]], [[5ach]], [[5acg]], [[5acf]] – MO + Cu – ''Lentinus similis''<br />
**[[4mai]] – moMO + Cu – mold<br />
**[[4mah]] – moMO + Zn<br />
**[[5no7]] – MO – ''Pycnoporus cinnabarinus''<br />
*Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
**[[5mw0]], [[5wkw]] – rMO <br />
**[[1yjl]] – rMO (mutant)<br />
**[[3mib]], [[3mic]], [[3mid]], [[3mie]], [[3mif]], [[3mig]], [[3mih]], [[3mlj]], [[3mlk]], [[3mll]], [[1opm]] – rMO + Cu + Ni <br />
**[[6ao6]], [[5wja]] – rMO (mutant) + Cu + Ni<br />
**[[1sdw]] – rMO + Cu + Ni + O2 + threonine derivative<br />
**[[1yjk]], [[1yip]], [[1phm]] – rMO + Cu<br />
**[[1yi9]], [[6ay0]], [[6an3]], [[6amp]], [[6alv]], [[6ala]] – rMO (mutant) + Cu<br />
**[[3fw0]] – rMO + Hg<br />
**[[3fvz]] – rMO + Zn + Fe<br />
*Antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase
**[[4hl9]] – MO – ''Rhodospirillum rubrum''<br />
**[[4dn9]] – MO – ''Chloroflexus aurantiacus''<br />
**[[2ril]] – MO – ''Shewanella loihica''<br />
*Monooxygenase
**[[2i7g]] – MO – ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens''<br />
**[[5uq4]] – MtMO <br />
**[[5f5l]] – MiMO – ''Micromonospora'' <br />
**[[5f5n]] – MiMO + NAD + substrate  <br />
*Monooxygenase TROPB
**[[6nes]] – TsMO + FAD – ''Talaromyces stipitatus''<br />
**[[6nev]], [[6neu]] – TsMO (mutant) + FAD <br />
**[[6net]] – TsMO + FAD + dihydroxy dimethylbenzaldehyde<br />
*Lactate 2-monooxygenase or lactate oxydase
**[[6dvi]] – MsLMO + FMN – ''Mycobacterium smegmatis''<br />
**[[6dvh]] – MsLMO (mutant) + FMN <br />
*Squalene monooxygenase or squalene epoxidase
**[[6c6r]], [[6c6p]], [[6c6n]] – hSMO + FAD + inhibitor<br />
*Dimethyl-sulfide monooxygenase
**[[6ak1]] – DMOA – ''Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans''<br />
*Salicylate 1-monooxygenase or salicylate hydroxylase
See [[Hydroxylase]]
'''Methane monooxygenase''' See [[Methane monooxygenase]]
'''Camphor 5-monooxygenase''' See [[Cytochrome P450]]
'''Luciferin 4-monooxygenase and Alkanal monooxygenase''' See [[Luciferase]]
}}


== References ==
== References ==

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Jaime Prilusky, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman
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