Complement Regulator-Acquiring Surface Protein: Difference between revisions
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== '''Introduction''' == | == '''Introduction''' == | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease Lyme Disease] is caused by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirochaete spirochete] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferi ''Borrelia burgdorferi''], and is transferred into vertebrate hosts by zoonotic vectors such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodes ''Ixodes''] ticks <ref name="Bykowski">PMID: 17562769</ref>. Lyme disease can result in multisystemic disorders, including cardiovascular and neurological problems. There are thousands of cases of Lyme disease reported each year, making it a prevalent disease in North America and Eurasia <ref name="Cordes">PMID: 15711564</ref>. In order for ''B. burgdorferi'' to survive in its host, it evades the host's immune system through the use of complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins. One such protein responsible for a successful initial infection is '''Borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1''', or '''BbCRASP-1''' <ref name="Bykowski">PMID: 17562769</ref>. Because BbCRASP-1 binds host complement regulators to the spirochete's outer surface, ''B. burgdorferi'' remains undetected within the host <ref name="Bykowski">PMID: 17562769</ref>. BbCRASP-1 specifically binds to complement Factor H (FH) and Factor H-like proteins (FHL-1), which are responsible for the host's immune response and detection of pathogens <ref name="Kraiczy">PMID: 14607842</ref>. Recently, it was found that BbCRASP-1 binds to several other proteins in the extra cellular matrix of a human cell, making it highly flexible and adaptive. | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease Lyme Disease] is caused by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirochaete spirochete] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferi ''Borrelia burgdorferi''], and is transferred into vertebrate hosts by zoonotic vectors such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodes ''Ixodes''] ticks <ref name="Bykowski">PMID: 17562769</ref>. Lyme disease can result in multisystemic disorders, including cardiovascular and neurological problems. There are thousands of cases of Lyme disease reported each year, making it a prevalent disease in North America and Eurasia <ref name="Cordes">PMID: 15711564</ref>. In order for ''B. burgdorferi'' to survive in its host, it evades the host's immune system through the use of complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins. One such protein responsible for a successful initial infection is '''Borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1''', or '''BbCRASP-1''' <ref name="Bykowski">PMID: 17562769</ref>. Because BbCRASP-1 binds host complement regulators to the spirochete's outer surface, ''B. burgdorferi'' remains undetected within the host <ref name="Bykowski">PMID: 17562769</ref>. BbCRASP-1 specifically binds to complement Factor H (FH) and Factor H-like proteins (FHL-1), which are responsible for the host's immune response and detection of pathogens <ref name="Kraiczy">PMID: 14607842</ref>. Recently, it was found that BbCRASP-1 binds to several other proteins in the extra cellular matrix of a human cell, making it highly flexible and adaptive. | ||
*'''BbCRASP-2''' interacts preferentially with factor H<ref> PMID: 11385611</ref>. | |||
*'''BbCRASP-3''' and '''BbCRASP-4''' belong to different strains of ''Borrelia burgdorferi''<ref> PMID: 23219363</ref>. | |||
== '''Structure''' == | == '''Structure''' == | ||
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*CRASP-2 or CspZ | *CRASP-2 or CspZ | ||
**[[4bg0]] – BbCRASP-2<br /> | **[[4bg0]] – BbCRASP-2 residues 23-236<br /> | ||
**[[4cbe]] – BbCRASP-2 residues 23-236<br /> | **[[4cbe]] – BbCRASP-2 residues 23-236<br /> | ||
**[[6atg]] – BbCRASP-2 + complement factor H<br /> | **[[6atg]], [[9f7i]] – BbCRASP-2 residues 23-236 + complement factor H<br /> | ||
**[[5y4m]] – BbCRASP-2 DISK domain residues 35-181 <br /> | |||
*CRASP-3 or ErpP | *CRASP-3 or ErpP | ||
**[[4bob]] – BbCRASP-3 | **[[4bob]] – BbCRASP-3 DISK domain<br /> | ||
*CRASP-4 or ErpC | *CRASP-4 or ErpC | ||
**[[4bod]], [[4bxm]], [[4bf3]] – BbCRASP-4 | **[[4bod]], [[4bxm]], [[4bf3]] – BbCRASP-4 DISK domain<br /> | ||