Protein phosphatase: Difference between revisions

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Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman, Alexsandra Tifane Santos do Nascimento

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-{{STRUCTURE_3k7v|  PDB=3k7v  | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Human PP2A catalytic (pink) and regulatory (grey) subunits complex with tumor-inducing toxin and sulfate [[3k7v]] }}
+<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='54/540142/Cv/1' caption='Human PP2A catalytic (green) and regulatory (cyan) subunits complex with tumor-inducing toxin and sulfate [[3k7v]]'>
+__TOC__
-'''Protein phosphatases''' (PP) regular protein phosphorylation and thus are key in intracellular signal transduction processes.<br />
+== Function ==
-*  '''PP1''' is a serine/threonine phosphatase.<br />
+'''Protein phosphatases''' (PP) or '''serine/threonine protein phosphatase''' regulate protein phosphorylation and thus are key in intracellular signal transduction processes.<br />
-*  '''PP2A''' targets proteins in the oncogenic signaling pathways. For PP2A see also [[HEAT Repeat]].<br />
+*  '''PP1''' is a serine/threonine phosphatase and is a key component of the insulin signaling pathway<ref>PMID:9609113</ref>.<br />
-*  '''PP2C''' are Mg/Mn- dependent and are essential for the regulation of cell cycle and stress signaling pathways.  For details see [[ABA-regulated Protein Phosphatase 2C]].<br />
+*  '''PP1C''' is the catalytic subunit of PP1.
-*  '''PP4''' regulates a variety of cellular functions.<br />
+*  '''PP1K''' is Mn+2/Mg+2-dependent PP1.
-*  '''PP5''' is activated by lipids and is involved in signal transduction.
+*  '''PP2A''' targets proteins in the oncogenic signaling pathways<ref>PMID:11812651</ref>. For PP2A see also [[HEAT Repeat]].<br />
+*  '''PP2C''' are Mg/Mn-dependent and are essential for the regulation of cell cycle and stress signaling pathways.  For details see<br />
+* <scene name='54/540142/Protein_pp2cm_with_mgii/4'>PP2Cm</scene>
+*[[Protein Phosphatase 2C]]<br />
+*[[ABA-regulated Protein Phosphatase 2C]]<br />
+*[[ABA Signaling Pathway]].<br />
+*  '''PP4''' regulates a variety of cellular functions<ref>PMID:25562660</ref>.<br />
+*  '''PP5''' is activated by lipids and is involved in signal transduction<ref>PMID:11137038</ref>.
+== Disease ==
+Mutations in PP2A are found in many solid cancers and leukemias.  PP2A-activating drugs are possible candidates for cancer therapeutics protocols<ref>PMID:23639323</ref>.  Development of Alzheimer disease drugs could be based on restoration of PP2A activity<ref>PMID:21605044</ref>.
+== Structural highlights ==
+<scene name='54/540142/Cv/5'>Human PP2A catalytic (green) and regulatory (cyan) subunits complex with tumor-inducing toxin</scene>. Algal toxin binds at the surface pocket of the PP2A catalytic subunit which contains the Mn+2 ion cofactors<ref>PMID:19916524</ref>. Water molecule are shown as red sphere.
+*<scene name='54/540142/Cv/6'>Mn+2 ion cofactors coordination site</scene>.
+*<scene name='54/540142/Cv/7'>Whole binding site</scene>.
 == 3D Structures of protein phosphatase==
+[[Protein phosphatase 3D structures]]
-Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
-{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
-*Protein phosphatase 1A
-**[[3fxj]], [[3fxk]], [[3fxl]], [[3fxm]], [[3fxo]], [[4ra2]] – hPP1A + Mn – human<br />
-**[[4da1]] – hPP1K + Mn<br />
-**[[3n5u]] – hPP1A catalytic subunit + retinoblastoma-associated protein<br />
-**[[3v4y]] – hPP1A catalytic subunit + PP1 nuclear inhibitor<br />
-**[[4g9j]] – hPP1A catalytic subunit + peptide<br />
-**[[2rlt]] – PP1 regulatory subunit – pig - NMR<br />
-*Protein phosphatase 2A
-**[[1b3u]], [[2g62]] – hPP2A regulatory subunit <br />
-**[[2ie3]], [[2ie4]], [[2npp]], [[2nyl]], [[2nym]] – hPP2A catalytic + regulatory subunit + tumor-inducing toxin<br />
-**[[3c5w]] – hPP2A catalytic + regulatory subunit + PP2A-specific methyltransferase<br />
-*Protein phosphatase 2C
-**[[2iq1]] – hPP2C κ <br />
+</StructureSection>
-**[[3d8k]] – PP2C – ''Toxoplasma gondii''<br />
-**[[3jrq]], [[3nmn]] – AtPP2C + Pyl1 – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
-**[[3nmt]], [[3kb3]], [[3nmv]], [[3ujl]] – AtPP2C + Pyl2<br />
-**[[4la7]], [[4lg5]], [4lga]], [[4lgb]] – AtPP2C + Pyl2 + ligand<br />
-**[[4ds8]] – AtPP2C + Pyl3 + Mn<br />
-**[[3rt0]] – AtPP2C (mutant) + Pyl10<br />
-**[[4n0g]] – AtPP2C + Pyl13<br />
-**[[3qn1]], [[3zvu]], [[4wvo]] – AtPP2C + Pyr1<br />
-**[[3ujk]] – AtPP2C <br />
-**[[4yzg]] – AtPP2C (mutant) <br />
-**[[4yzh]] – AtPP2C (mutant) + chlorophyll-binding protein peptide<br />
-}}
+== References ==
+<references/>
 [[Category:Topic Page]]