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==Crystal Structure of PlGF in Complex with Domain 2 of VEGFR1==
==Crystal Structure of PlGF in Complex with Domain 2 of VEGFR1==
<StructureSection load='1rv6' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1rv6]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.45&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1rv6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1rv6]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.45&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1rv6]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1RV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1RV6 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1rv6]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1RV6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1RV6 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=B3P:2-[3-(2-HYDROXY-1,1-DIHYDROXYMETHYL-ETHYLAMINO)-PROPYLAMINO]-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-PROPANE-1,3-DIOL'>B3P</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.45&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1rv6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1rv6 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1rv6 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1rv6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1rv6 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=B3P:2-[3-(2-HYDROXY-1,1-DIHYDROXYMETHYL-ETHYLAMINO)-PROPYLAMINO]-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-PROPANE-1,3-DIOL'>B3P</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1rv6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1rv6 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1rv6 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1rv6 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1rv6 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1rv6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VGFR1_HUMAN VGFR1_HUMAN]] Note=Can contribute to cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion, and tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. May contribute to cancer pathogenesis by promoting inflammatory responses and recruitment of tumor-infiltrating macrophages.  Note=Abnormally high expression of soluble isoforms (isoform 2, isoform 3 or isoform 4) may be a cause of preeclampsia.
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PLGF_HUMAN PLGF_HUMAN]] Growth factor active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to the receptor FLT1/VEGFR-1. Isoform PlGF-2 binds NRP1/neuropilin-1 and NRP2/neuropilin-2 in a heparin-dependent manner. Also promotes cell tumor growth.<ref>PMID:21215706</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VGFR1_HUMAN VGFR1_HUMAN]] Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB and PGF, and plays an essential role in the development of embryonic vasculature, the regulation of angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, macrophage function, chemotaxis, and cancer cell invasion. May play an essential role as a negative regulator of embryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting excessive proliferation of endothelial cells. Can promote endothelial cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in adulthood. Its function in promoting cell proliferation seems to be cell-type specific. Promotes PGF-mediated proliferation of endothelial cells, proliferation of some types of cancer cells, but does not promote proliferation of normal fibroblasts (in vitro). Has very high affinity for VEGFA and relatively low protein kinase activity; may function as a negative regulator of VEGFA signaling by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and preventing its binding to KDR. Likewise, isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2, isoform 3 and isoform 4, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA. Modulates KDR signaling by forming heterodimers with KDR. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol kinase and the downstream signaling pathway. Mediates activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Phosphorylates SRC and YES1, and may also phosphorylate CBL. Isoform 1 phosphorylates PLCG. Promotes phosphorylation of AKT1 at 'Ser-473'. Promotes phosphorylation of PTK2/FAK1. Isoform 7 has a truncated kinase domain; it increases phosphorylation of SRC at 'Tyr-418' by unknown means and promotes tumor cell invasion.<ref>PMID:8248162</ref> <ref>PMID:18593464</ref> <ref>PMID:18515749</ref> <ref>PMID:20512933</ref> <ref>PMID:7824266</ref> <ref>PMID:8605350</ref> <ref>PMID:9299537</ref> <ref>PMID:11141500</ref> <ref>PMID:11811792</ref> <ref>PMID:11312102</ref> <ref>PMID:14633857</ref> <ref>PMID:12796773</ref> <ref>PMID:15735759</ref> <ref>PMID:16685275</ref> <ref>PMID:18079407</ref> <ref>PMID:18583712</ref> <ref>PMID:20551949</ref> <ref>PMID:21752276</ref> 
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PLGF_HUMAN PLGF_HUMAN] Growth factor active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to the receptor FLT1/VEGFR-1. Isoform PlGF-2 binds NRP1/neuropilin-1 and NRP2/neuropilin-2 in a heparin-dependent manner. Also promotes cell tumor growth.<ref>PMID:21215706</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/rv/1rv6_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/rv/1rv6_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
   </jmolCheckbox>
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==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor|Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor]]
*[[3D structures of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor|3D structures of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Christinger, H W]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Fuh, G]]
[[Category: Christinger HW]]
[[Category: Vos, A M.de]]
[[Category: Fuh G]]
[[Category: Wiesmann, C]]
[[Category: Wiesmann C]]
[[Category: Cystine knot]]
[[Category: De Vos AM]]
[[Category: Growth factor]]
[[Category: Hormone-growth factor-receptor complex]]
[[Category: Ligand-receptor complex]]
[[Category: Plgf]]
[[Category: Specificity]]
[[Category: Vegf family]]

Latest revision as of 11:47, 6 November 2024

Crystal Structure of PlGF in Complex with Domain 2 of VEGFR1Crystal Structure of PlGF in Complex with Domain 2 of VEGFR1

Structural highlights

1rv6 is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.45Å
Ligands:
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

PLGF_HUMAN Growth factor active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to the receptor FLT1/VEGFR-1. Isoform PlGF-2 binds NRP1/neuropilin-1 and NRP2/neuropilin-2 in a heparin-dependent manner. Also promotes cell tumor growth.[1]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and plays an important role in pathological angiogenic events. PlGF exerts its biological activities through binding to VEGFR1, a receptor tyrosine kinase that consists of seven immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular portion. Here we report the crystal structure of PlGF bound to the second immunoglobulin-like domain of VEGFR1 at 2.5 A resolution and compare the complex to the closely related structure of VEGF bound to the same receptor domain. The two growth factors, PlGF and VEGF, share a sequence identity of approximately 50%. Despite this moderate sequence conservation, they bind to the same binding interface of VEGFR1 in a very similar fashion, suggesting that both growth factors could induce very similar if not identical signaling events.

The crystal structure of placental growth factor in complex with domain 2 of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1.,Christinger HW, Fuh G, de Vos AM, Wiesmann C J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 12;279(11):10382-8. Epub 2003 Dec 18. PMID:14684734[2]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Rolny C, Mazzone M, Tugues S, Laoui D, Johansson I, Coulon C, Squadrito ML, Segura I, Li X, Knevels E, Costa S, Vinckier S, Dresselaer T, Akerud P, De Mol M, Salomaki H, Phillipson M, Wyns S, Larsson E, Buysschaert I, Botling J, Himmelreich U, Van Ginderachter JA, De Palma M, Dewerchin M, Claesson-Welsh L, Carmeliet P. HRG inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by inducing macrophage polarization and vessel normalization through downregulation of PlGF. Cancer Cell. 2011 Jan 18;19(1):31-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.009. Epub 2011, Jan 6. PMID:21215706 doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.009
  2. ↑ Christinger HW, Fuh G, de Vos AM, Wiesmann C. The crystal structure of placental growth factor in complex with domain 2 of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 12;279(11):10382-8. Epub 2003 Dec 18. PMID:14684734 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M313237200

1rv6, resolution 2.45Å

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