Interferon: Difference between revisions
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==Function== | ==Function== | ||
'''Interferons''' were the first cytokines discovered and were identified by Isaacs and Lindenmann. These proteins were classified as interferons because they interfered with virus growth.<ref name="Isaacs" /> The initial experiments performed poorly characterized the interferons, and was based merely on bioactivity. Advances in scientific instrumentation and technique have allowed for greater understanding and visualization of not only the structure but also the mechanisms of the various types of inteferons.<ref name="Structure">PMID:2413490</ref> The interferons were originally classified as leukocyte ('''interferon-α'''), fibroblast ('''interferon-β'''), and | '''Interferons''' were the first cytokines discovered and were identified by Isaacs and Lindenmann. These proteins were classified as interferons because they interfered with virus growth.<ref name="Isaacs" /> The initial experiments performed poorly characterized the interferons, and was based merely on bioactivity. Advances in scientific instrumentation and technique have allowed for greater understanding and visualization of not only the structure but also the mechanisms of the various types of inteferons.<ref name="Structure">PMID:2413490</ref> The interferons were originally classified as leukocyte ('''interferon-α'''), fibroblast ('''interferon-β'''), and immune ('''interferon-γ'''), although today they are classified into types I (α, β, ε, κ, ω), II (γ), and III (λ).<ref name="Isaacs" /><ref name="Structure" /> | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
*'''Interferon-γ''' induces macrophage stimulation toward antimicrobial and antitumor pathways<ref>PMID:14525967</ref> | |||
*'''Interferon-λ''' has dual role in innate immunity and in long-term immunomodulatory effects on T- and B-cells<ref>PMID:28293236</ref> | |||
*'''Interferon-τ''' functions in ensuring pregnancy continuation in ovine and bovine conceptuses<ref>PMID:17662642</ref> | |||
*'''Interferon-ω''' has potent antiviral activity against several DNA and RNA viruses<ref>PMID:9345398</ref> | |||
==Type I== | ==Type I== | ||
Type I interferons are homologous helical cytokines that effect a wide variety of cells pleiotropically. These effects range from antiviral activity to antibacterial, antiprozoal, immunodulatory, and cell growth regulatory functions. Without Type I interferons, the survival of the higher vertebrates would be impossible. Because of their strong antiviral and antiproliferative effects, these interferons are used in the treatment of numerous cancers, hepatitis C, and multiple sclerosis. See [[Multiple sclerosis]]. | Type I interferons are homologous helical cytokines that effect a wide variety of cells pleiotropically. These effects range from antiviral activity to antibacterial, antiprozoal, immunodulatory, and cell growth regulatory functions. Without Type I interferons, the survival of the higher vertebrates would be impossible. Because of their strong antiviral and antiproliferative effects, these interferons are used in the treatment of numerous cancers, hepatitis C, and multiple sclerosis. See [[Multiple sclerosis]]. | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Interferon receptor|Interferon receptor]] | *[[Interferon receptor|Interferon receptor]] | ||
*[[Interferon regulatory factor]] | |||
*[[Multiple sclerosis|Multiple sclerosis]] | *[[Multiple sclerosis|Multiple sclerosis]] | ||
*[[Journal:Cell:1|Structural linkage between ligand discrimination and receptor activation by type I interferons]] | *[[Journal:Cell:1|Structural linkage between ligand discrimination and receptor activation by type I interferons]] | ||
==3D Structures of interferon== | |||
[[Interferon 3D structures]] | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Topic Page]] | [[Category:Topic Page]] | ||