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| [[Image:1vin.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of Cyclin A3 [[1vin]]]]
| | <StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Cyclin T1 (green) complex with CDK9 (cyan) and TRIS (PDB entry [[3blh]])' scene='44/442748/Cv/2'> |
| {{STRUCTURE_1vin| PDB=1vin | SIZE=300| SCENE=Cyclin/Cv/1 |right|CAPTION=Cyclin A3 [[1vin]] }}
| | == Function == |
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| '''Cyclin''' (CYC) activate CYC-dependent kinase (CDK) thus acting in the control of the cell cycle. The CYC name derives from the fact that their concentration varies during the cell cycle. Among the CYCs, CYCA are active in the S phase, CYCD regulate the transition from G1 to S. | | '''Cyclin''' (CYC) activates CYC-dependent kinase (CDK) thus acting in the control of the cell cycle. The CYC name derives from the fact that different CYCs are expressed during different phases of the cell cycle. Among the CYCs:<br /> |
| | * '''CYCA''' is active in the S phase<br /> |
| | * '''CYCA2''' regulates DNA replication and mitotic entry.<ref>PMID:33402344</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCB1''' is essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G2/M (mitosis) transition.<br /> |
| | * '''CYCC''' is active in the G0/G1 phase transition<ref>PMID:12910258</ref>.<br /> |
| | * '''CYCCCL1''' controls the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II largest subunit and mRNA transcription <ref>PMID:8761664</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCD''' regulates the transition from G1 to S.<ref>PMID:15130482</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCE''' and its CDK partner are key regulators of DNA synthesis and of mitosis.<ref>PMID:11907280</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCF''' is the substrate recognition component of the Skp1-Cul1-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex<ref>PMID:28652210</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCH''' is highly expressed in ovarian cancer<ref>PMID:32694938</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCK''' and its CDK12 partner regulate the expression of DNA-damage response genes and thus protect cells from genomic instability.<ref>PMID:22012619</ref><br /> |
| | * '''CYCT''' and its CDK9 partner regulate gene expression.<ref>PMID:15276198</ref><br /> |
| | * '''Viral CYC''' could be involved in oncogenic events associated with the cyclin-encoding viruses.<ref>PMID:10815028</ref><br /> |
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| {{TOC limit|limit=2}}
| | See also [[Intrinsically Disordered Protein]]. |
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| | == Relevance == |
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| == 3D Structures of Cyclin ==
| | Overexpression of CYCD1 and its catalytic partner CDK4 is seen in human cancer<ref>PMID:25486477</ref>. Overexpression of CYCH and its catalytic partner CDK7 is seen in breast cancer<ref>PMID:27301701</ref>. |
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| ''Update November 2011''
| | == Structural highlights == |
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| ===CYCA2=== | | All cyclins have an all-α helix fold and share an identical ca. 100 residue domain called 'cyclin box' which binds CDK. <scene name='44/442748/Cv/3'>Two 5 α-helix cyclin boxes are shown</scene>.<ref>PMID:09433129</ref> |
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| [[3my5]], [[2wpa]], [[2wxv]], [[2wih]], [[2wip]], [[3f5x]], [[3eoc]], [[3eid]], [[3ej1]], [[3dog]], [[3ddp]], [[3ddq]], [[3bht]], [[2v22]], [[2uue]], [[2i40]], [[2bkz]], [[2c5n]], [[2c5o]], [[2c5v]], [[2c5x]], [[2c5y]], [[2bpm]], [[2c4g]], [[1fvv]] – hCYCA2 +CDK2+inhibitor - human<br />
| | == 3D Structures of Cyclin == |
| [[3bhu]], [[3bhv]], [[2uzd]], [[2uzb]], [[2uze]], [[2uzl]], [[2uzn]], [[2uzo]], [[2iw6]], [[2iw8]], [[2iw9]], [[2g9x]], [[1oi9]], [[1oiu]], [[1oiy]], [[1ogu]], [[1p5e]], [[1pkd]], [[1h1p]], [[1h1q]], [[1h1r]], [[1h1s]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+inhibitor<br />
| | [[Cyclin 3D structures]] |
| [[1fin]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2<br />
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| [[1vyw]] - hCYCA2 C-terminal + hCDK2<br />
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| [[1jst]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P<br />
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| [[1h24]], [[1h25]], [[1h26]], [[1h27]], [[1h28]], [[1gy3]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+peptide<br />
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| [[2cjm]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P Y15P<br />
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| [[2cch]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+ATP analog<br />
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| [[2cci]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+CDC homolog<br />
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| [[2wma]], [[2wmb]], [[2x1n]], [[2wev]], [[2wfy]], [[2whb]], [[1okv]], [[1okw]], [[1ol1]], [[1ol2]], [[1urc]], [[1qmz]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2+peptide<br />
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| [[1jsu]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 (mutant)+P27<br />
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| [[3qhr]], [[3khw]] - CYCA2 + P33 protein kinase + CDK2 peptide – mouse
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| ===CYCA3=== | |
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| [[1vin]] – CYCA3 - bovine<br /> | |
| [[1e9h]] – hCYCA3 +CDK2 T160P+inhibitor<br />
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| ===CYCB1===
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| [[2b9r]] – hCYCB1 (mutant)<br />
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| [[2jgz]] - hCYCB1 +CDK2
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| ===CYCD===
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| [[2w96]], [[2w99]], [[2w9f]], [[2w9z]] - hCYCD1 +CDK4 (mutant)<br />
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| [[3g33]] – hCYCD3 +CDK4
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| ===CYCE===
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| [[1w98]] – hCYCE1 +CDK2 T160P
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| ===CYCH===
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| [[1kxu]], [[1jkw]] – hCYCH
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| ===CYCK===
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| [[2i53]] – hCYCK N-terminal
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| ===CYCT===
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| [[3blh]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9<br />
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| [[3blq]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+ATP<br />
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| [[3lq5]] – hCYCT1 (mutant)+CDK9<br />
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| [[3blr]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+inhibitor<br />
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| [[3my1]] - hCYCT1 (mutant)+CDK9+inhibitor<br />
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| [[3mi9]], [[3mia]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+protein TAT<br />
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| [[2pk2]] - hCYCT1/protein TAT<br />
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| [[2w2h]] - CYCT1 +protein TAT + RNA – horse<br />
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| [[2ivx]] – hCYCT2 (mutant)
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| ===CYC===
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| [[2pk9]] – yCYC PHO80 +CDK PHO85 – yeast<br />
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| [[2pmi]] - yCYC PHO80 +CDK PHO85+ATPgS
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| ===Viral CYC===
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| [[2euf]], [[2f2c]], [[2xo2]], [[1jow]] – V-CYC viral+hCDK6 – Herpesvirus<br />
| | </StructureSection> |
| [[1bu2]] – V-CYC<br />
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| [[1xo2]] - V-CYC + hCDK6 + inhibitor<br />
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| [[1g3n]] - V-CYC viral+hCDK6+CDK6 inhibitor<br />
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| [[1f5q]] - V-CYC g viral+hCDK2
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| | == References == |
| | <references/> |
| [[Category:Topic Page]] | | [[Category:Topic Page]] |