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==Placental alkaline phosphatase complexed with Phe==
==Placental alkaline phosphatase complexed with Phe==
<StructureSection load='3mk2' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3mk2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.89&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='3mk2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3mk2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.89&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3mk2]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3MK2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3MK2 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3mk2]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3MK2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3MK2 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PHE:PHENYLALANINE'>PHE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.89&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PHE:PHENYLALANINE'>PHE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1zef|1zef]], [[3mk0|3mk0]], [[3mk1|3mk1]]</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3mk2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3mk2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3mk2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3mk2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3mk2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3mk2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.1.3.1 3.1.3.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3mk2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3mk2 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3mk2 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3mk2 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3mk2 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3mk2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPB1_HUMAN PPB1_HUMAN]
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The activity of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is downregulated by a number of effectors such as l-phenylalanine, an uncompetitive inhibitor, 5'-AMP, an antagonist of the effects of PLAP on fibroblast proliferation and by p-nitrophenyl-phosphonate (PNPPate), a non-hydrolysable substrate analogue. For the first two, such regulation may be linked to its biological function that requires a reduced and better-regulated hydrolytic rate. To understand how such disparate ligands are able to inhibit the enzyme, we solved the structure of the complexes at 1.6A, 1.9A and 1.9A resolution, respectively. These crystal structures are the first of an alkaline phosphatase in complex with organic inhibitors. Of the three inhibitors, only l-Phe and PNPPate bind at the active site hydrophobic pocket, providing structural data on the uncompetitive inhibition process. In contrast, all three ligands interact at a remote peripheral site located 28A from the active site. In order to extend these observations to the other members of the human alkaline phosphatase family, we have modelled the structures of the other human isozymes and compared them to PLAP. This comparison highlights the crucial role played by position 429 at the active site in the modulation of the catalytic process, and suggests that the peripheral binding site may be involved in the functional specialization of the PLAP isozyme.
In order to gain deeper insights into the functional sites of human placental alkaline phosphatase, the structures of the enzyme with the putative regulators L-Phe, pNPP and 5'-AMP [Llinas et al. (2005), J. Mol. Biol. 350, 441-451] were re-refined. Significant variations in ligand positioning and identity were found compared with the previous report. The multiple corrections to the model improved the phases and the electron-density maps, allowing the modeling of omitted side chains and multiple disordered residues. These improvements led to a change in the position of L-Phe at the peripheral binding site, which appeared to be reversed. The structure with pNPP contained only p-nitrophenol in three distinct sites, while the structure with 5'-AMP contained the p-nitrophenyl group in two of the sites instead of 5'-AMP. Comparison of the re-refined models shows a consistent pattern of interactions at the peripheral site.


Structural studies of human placental alkaline phosphatase in complex with functional ligands.,Llinas P, Stura EA, Menez A, Kiss Z, Stigbrand T, Millan JL, Le Du MH J Mol Biol. 2005 Jul 15;350(3):441-51. PMID:15946677<ref>PMID:15946677</ref>
Refined structures of placental alkaline phosphatase show a consistent pattern of interactions at the peripheral site.,Stec B, Cheltsov A, Millan JL Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2010 Aug 1;66(Pt, 8):866-70. Epub 2010 Jul 27. PMID:20693656<ref>PMID:20693656</ref>


From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Alkaline phosphatase|Alkaline phosphatase]]
*[[Alkaline phosphatase 3D structures|Alkaline phosphatase 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Alkaline phosphatase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Cheltsov, A]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Millan, J L]]
[[Category: Cheltsov A]]
[[Category: Stec, B]]
[[Category: Millan JL]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Stec B]]
[[Category: Phe binding]]

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