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-{{STRUCTURE_2kqq|  PDB=2kqq  |  SCENE=  }}
-===NMR structure of human insulin mutant gly-b8-d-ala, his-b10-asp, pro-b28-lys, lys-b29-pro, 20 structures===
-==Disease==
+==NMR structure of human insulin mutant gly-b8-d-ala, his-b10-asp, pro-b28-lys, lys-b29-pro, 20 structures==
-[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/176730 176730]].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref><ref>PMID:2196279</ref><ref>PMID:4019786</ref><ref>PMID:1601997</ref>  Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref>  Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref><ref>PMID:18162506</ref>  Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref><ref>PMID:18162506</ref><ref>PMID:20226046</ref>
+<StructureSection load='2kqq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2kqq]]' scene=''>
+== Structural highlights ==
-==Function==
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2kqq]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2KQQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2KQQ FirstGlance]. <br>
-[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN]] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
+</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR, 20 models</td></tr>
+<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DAL:D-ALANINE'>DAL</scene></td></tr>
-==About this Structure==
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2kqq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2kqq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2kqq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2kqq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2kqq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2kqq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
-[[2kqq]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2KQQ OCA].
+</table>
+== Disease ==
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN] Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/176730 176730].<ref>PMID:3470784</ref> <ref>PMID:2196279</ref> <ref>PMID:4019786</ref> <ref>PMID:1601997</ref>   Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/125852 125852]. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref>   Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/606176 606176]. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy.<ref>PMID:17855560</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref>   Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613370 613370]. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:18192540</ref> <ref>PMID:18162506</ref> <ref>PMID:20226046</ref>
+== Function ==
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_HUMAN INS_HUMAN] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
 ==See Also==
-*[[Molecular Playground/Insulin|Molecular Playground/Insulin]]
+*[[Insulin 3D Structures|Insulin 3D Structures]]
+== References ==
-==Reference==
+<references/>
-<references group="xtra"/><references/>
+__TOC__
+</StructureSection>
 [[Category: Homo sapiens]]
-[[Category: Hua, Q X.]]
+[[Category: Large Structures]]
-[[Category: Huang, K.]]
+[[Category: Hua QX]]
-[[Category: Jia, W.]]
+[[Category: Huang K]]
-[[Category: Wan, Z L.]]
+[[Category: Jia W]]
-[[Category: Weiss, M A.]]
+[[Category: Wan ZL]]
-[[Category: Zhao, M.]]
+[[Category: Weiss MA]]
-[[Category: D-alanine substitution]]
+[[Category: Zhao M]]
-[[Category: Dynamic]]
-[[Category: Hormone]]
-[[Category: Human insulin]]
-[[Category: Mutant]]
-[[Category: Protein stability]]