Ribosome: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load=' | <StructureSection load='4v42' size='450' side='right' scene='User:Wayne_Decatur/SandboxRibosome/Bothmodels6/1' caption='The Ribosome ([[4v42]])'> | ||
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ribosome ribosome] is a complex composed of RNA and protein that adds up to several million daltons in size and plays a critical role in the process of decoding the genetic information stored in the genome into protein as outlined in what is now known as [http://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2009/10/ribosome-and-central-dogma-of-molecular.html the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology]. Specifically, the ribosome carries out the process of translation, decoding the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA, one amino acid at a time, into newly synthesized polypeptide chains. | The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ribosome ribosome] is a complex composed of RNA and protein that adds up to several million daltons in size and plays a critical role in the process of decoding the genetic information stored in the genome into protein as outlined in what is now known as [http://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2009/10/ribosome-and-central-dogma-of-molecular.html the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology]. Specifically, the ribosome carries out the process of translation, decoding the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA, one amino acid at a time, into newly synthesized polypeptide chains. | ||
*'''30S ribosome''' - prokaryote small subunit | |||
*'''40S ribosome''' - eukaryote small subunit | |||
*'''pre-40S ribosome''' - eukaryote small subunit with associated assembly factors | |||
*'''43S ribosome''' - eukaryote preinitiation small subunit containing eIF3, eIF1 and eIF1A | |||
*'''48S ribosome''' - eukaryote small subunit initiation complex containing Met-tRNA | |||
*'''50S ribosome''' - prokaryote large subunit | |||
*'''60S ribosome''' - eukaryote large subunit | |||
*'''pre-60S ribosome''' - eukaryote nucleolar large subunit with associated assembly factors | |||
*'''70S ribosome''' - prokaryote full ribosome containing small and large subunits | |||
*'''80S ribosome''' - eukaryote full ribosome containing small and large subunits | |||
*'''90S pre-ribosome''' - eukaryote an early biogenesis ribosome intermediate containing assembly factors and small nucleolar RNAs. | |||
*'''100S ribosome''' - a dimer of prokaryote full ribosomes | |||
==Nobel Prize Winners and Other Contributors== | ==Nobel Prize Winners and Other Contributors== | ||
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==Ribosome Components== | ==Ribosome Components== | ||
<br> | |||
·· {{Link Toggle 70SribotRNAs}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SribomRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriborRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboProtein}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboAsitetRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboPsitetRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboEsitetRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboLSU}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboSSU}} ·· {{Link Toggle BlackWhiteBackground}} ·· | |||
The small subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome sediments at 30S<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svedberg Svedberg unit] in Wikipedia</ref>. It is composed of a 16S chain of RNA about 1,500 bases long (~500 kDa), plus about 20 protein chains. The proteins in the first small subunit determined range from about 3 kDa to 29 kDa. | The small subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome sediments at 30S<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svedberg Svedberg unit] in Wikipedia</ref>. It is composed of a 16S chain of RNA about 1,500 bases long (~500 kDa), plus about 20 protein chains. The proteins in the first small subunit determined range from about 3 kDa to 29 kDa. | ||
The large subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome sediments at 50S. It is composed of two chains of RNA, a 23S chain (~3000 bases long, 946 kDa) and a 5S chain (~120 bases long, 39 kDa). Assembled with the RNA are about 30 protein chains. The proteins in the first large subunit determined range from 6 kDa to 37 kDa. See also [[Large Ribosomal Subunit of Haloarcula]]. | The large subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome sediments at 50S. It is composed of two chains of RNA, a 23S chain (~3000 bases long, 946 kDa) and a 5S chain (~120 bases long, 39 kDa). Assembled with the RNA are about 30 protein chains. The proteins in the first large subunit determined range from 6 kDa to 37 kDa. See also [[Large Ribosomal Subunit of Haloarcula]]. The large subunit contains several [[Kink-turn motif]]s. | ||
The ''mitochindrial ribosome'' or '''mitoribosome''' is smaller than the the cytoplasmic ribosome with a small subunit which sediments at 28S and a large subunit which sediments at 39S. The whole mitoribosome sediments at 55S. | |||
Other macromolecules in a functioning ribosome include three transfer RNA molecules, messenger RNA, and the nascent protein chain. | Other macromolecules in a functioning ribosome include three transfer RNA molecules, messenger RNA, and the nascent protein chain. | ||
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*<b>Yonath lab original atomic-resolution structures</b><ref>PMID: 11007480</ref><ref>PMID: 11733066</ref>: <em>Thermus thermophilus</em> small ribosomal subunit - [[1fka]], improved in [[1i94]], [[1i95]], [[1i96]], and [[1i97]]. <em>Thermus thermophilus</em> is a [[Extremophiles|thermophilic]] eubacteria. <em>Deinococcus radiodurans</em> large ribosomal subunit - [[1nkw]], later refined to give [[2zjr]]. <em>Deinococcus radiodurans</em> is a mesophilic eubacteria.<br> | *<b>Yonath lab original atomic-resolution structures</b><ref>PMID: 11007480</ref><ref>PMID: 11733066</ref>: <em>Thermus thermophilus</em> small ribosomal subunit - [[1fka]], improved in [[1i94]], [[1i95]], [[1i96]], and [[1i97]]. <em>Thermus thermophilus</em> is a [[Extremophiles|thermophilic]] eubacteria. <em>Deinococcus radiodurans</em> large ribosomal subunit - [[1nkw]], later refined to give [[2zjr]]. <em>Deinococcus radiodurans</em> is a mesophilic eubacteria.<br> | ||
*<b>Ramakrishnan lab original atomic-resolution structures</b><ref>PMID: 11014182</ref><ref>PMID: 11014183</ref>: <em>Thermus thermophilus</em> small ribosomal subunit | *<b>Ramakrishnan lab original atomic-resolution structures</b><ref>PMID: 11014182</ref><ref>PMID: 11014183</ref>: <em>Thermus thermophilus</em> small ribosomal subunit in [[1j5e]]. Related: in complex with the antibiotics streptomycin, spectinomycin, and paromomycin in [[1fjg]]; in complex with tetracycline in [[1hnw]], pactamycin in [[1hnx]], hygromycin B in [[1hnz]]. | ||
The <em>Thermus thermophilus</em> small ribosomal subunit is composed of a 16S chain of RNA about 1,522 bases long (494 kDa), plus 20 protein chains (S2-S20, THX). The protein chains range from 26 (THX, 3 kDa) to 256 amino acids (S2, 29 kDa). | The <em>Thermus thermophilus</em> small ribosomal subunit is composed of a 16S chain of RNA about 1,522 bases long (494 kDa), plus 20 protein chains (S2-S20, THX). The protein chains range from 26 (THX, 3 kDa) to 256 amino acids (S2, 29 kDa). | ||
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*[[Large Ribosomal Subunit of Haloarcula|The Large Ribosomal Subunit]] as solved by the Steitz & Moore labs.<br> | *[[Large Ribosomal Subunit of Haloarcula|The Large Ribosomal Subunit]] as solved by the Steitz & Moore labs.<br> | ||
*[[User:Wayne Decatur/Interactions between Antibiotics and the Ribosome|Interactions between Antibiotics and the Ribosome]]<br> | *[[User:Wayne Decatur/Interactions between Antibiotics and the Ribosome|Interactions between Antibiotics and the Ribosome]]<br> | ||
*[[Large Ribosomal Subunit of Haloarcula]]<br /> | |||
*[[User:Wayne_Decatur/Haloarcula Large Ribosomal Subunit With Azithromycin|Azithromycin bound to the Large Ribosomal Subunit of Haloarcula marismortui]]<br> | *[[User:Wayne_Decatur/Haloarcula Large Ribosomal Subunit With Azithromycin|Azithromycin bound to the Large Ribosomal Subunit of Haloarcula marismortui]]<br> | ||
*[[Azithromycin]]<br /> | |||
*[[Clarithromycin]]<br /> | |||
*[[Doxycycline]]<br /> | |||
*[[40S rRNA and proteins and P/E tRNA for eukaryotic ribosome]]<br /> | |||
*[[Ribosomal A Site Binding Paromomycin: A Morph]]<br /> | |||
*[[Large Ribosomal Subunit of Haloarcula|The Large Ribosomal Subunit]]<br /> | |||
*[[Ribosome structure]]<br /> | |||
*[[Ribosome structure (Spanish)]]<br /> | |||
*[[Ribosome (Czech)]]<br /> | |||
==Ribosome 3D structures== | |||
[[Ribosome 3D structures]] | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Nobel Prizes for 3D Molecular Structure]] | * [[Nobel Prizes for 3D Molecular Structure]] | ||
* [[Highest impact structures]] of all time | * [[Highest impact structures]] of all time | ||
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* [[DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation]] | * [[DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation]] | ||
* [[tRNA]] | * [[tRNA]] | ||
* [[LepA|Escherichia coli LepA, the ribosomal back translocase]] | * [[LepA|Escherichia coli LepA, the ribosomal back translocase]] | ||
* [[Extremophiles]] | * [[Extremophiles]] | ||
*[[RNA]] | * [[RNA]] | ||
* [[Ribozyme]] | * [[Ribozyme]] | ||
* For Spanish see [[Ribosoma 70S]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Topic Page]] | [[Category:Topic Page]] | ||
[[Category:Translation]] | [[Category:Translation]] | ||
[[Category:Ribosome]] | |||
[[Category: BioMolViz]] | |||
[[Category: Macromolecular Assemblies]] | |||