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<StructureSection load='1zjd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1zjd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1zjd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1zjd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1zjd]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1ZJD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ZJD FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1zjd]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1ZJD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ZJD FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1zhm|1zhm]], [[1zhp|1zhp]], [[1zhr|1zhr]]</div></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.6&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">F11 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), APP, A4, AD1F11 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_factor_XIa Coagulation factor XIa], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.21.27 3.4.21.27] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1zjd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1zjd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1zjd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1zjd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1zjd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1zjd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1zjd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1zjd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1zjd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1zjd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1zjd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1zjd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FA11_HUMAN FA11_HUMAN]] Defects in F11 are the cause of factor XI deficiency (FA11D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/612416 612416]]; also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency or Rosenthal syndrome. It is a hemorrhagic disease characterized by reduced levels and activity of factor XI resulting in moderate bleeding symptoms, usually occurring after trauma or surgery. Patients usually do not present spontaneous bleeding but women can present with menorrhagia. Hemorrhages are usually moderate.<ref>PMID:2813350</ref> <ref>PMID:1547342</ref> <ref>PMID:7888672</ref> <ref>PMID:7669672</ref> <ref>PMID:9401068</ref> <ref>PMID:9787168</ref> <ref>PMID:10027710</ref> <ref>PMID:10606881</ref> <ref>PMID:11895778</ref> <ref>PMID:15026311</ref> <ref>PMID:15180874</ref> <ref>PMID:15953011</ref> <ref>PMID:16607084</ref> <ref>PMID:18005151</ref> <ref>PMID:21668437</ref> <ref>PMID:21457405</ref> <ref>PMID:22016685</ref> <ref>PMID:22322133</ref> <ref>PMID:21999818</ref> <ref>PMID:22159456</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A4_HUMAN A4_HUMAN]] Defects in APP are the cause of Alzheimer disease type 1 (AD1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/104300 104300]]. AD1 is a familial early-onset form of Alzheimer disease. It can be associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, loss of cognitive abilities, and deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. The major constituent of these plaques is the neurotoxic amyloid-beta-APP 40-42 peptide (s), derived proteolytically from the transmembrane precursor protein APP by sequential secretase processing. The cytotoxic C-terminal fragments (CTFs) and the caspase-cleaved products such as C31 derived from APP, are also implicated in neuronal death.<ref>PMID:8476439</ref> <ref>PMID:15201367</ref> <ref>PMID:1671712</ref> <ref>PMID:1908231</ref> <ref>PMID:1678058</ref> <ref>PMID:1944558</ref> <ref>PMID:1925564</ref> <ref>PMID:1415269</ref> <ref>PMID:1303239</ref> <ref>PMID:1302033</ref> <ref>PMID:1303275</ref> <ref>PMID:8267572</ref> <ref>PMID:8290042</ref> <ref>PMID:8577393</ref> <ref>PMID:9328472</ref> <ref>PMID:9754958</ref> <ref>PMID:10097173</ref> <ref>PMID:10631141</ref> <ref>PMID:10665499</ref> <ref>PMID:10867787</ref> <ref>PMID:11063718</ref> <ref>PMID:11311152</ref> <ref>PMID:11528419</ref> <ref>PMID:12034808</ref> <ref>PMID:15365148</ref> <ref>PMID:15668448</ref>  Defects in APP are the cause of cerebral amyloid angiopathy APP-related (CAA-APP) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/605714 605714]]. A hereditary localized amyloidosis due to amyloid-beta A4 peptide(s) deposition in the cerebral vessels. The principal clinical characteristics are recurrent cerebral and cerebellar hemorrhages, recurrent strokes, cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, and progressive mental deterioration. Patients develop cerebral hemorrhage because of the severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Parenchymal amyloid deposits are rare and largely in the form of pre-amyloid lesions or diffuse plaque-like structures. They are Congo red negative and lack the dense amyloid cores commonly present in Alzheimer disease. Some affected individuals manifest progressive aphasic dementia, leukoencephalopathy, and occipital calcifications.<ref>PMID:10821838</ref> <ref>PMID:2111584</ref> <ref>PMID:11409420</ref> <ref>PMID:12654973</ref> <ref>PMID:16178030</ref> 
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FA11_HUMAN FA11_HUMAN] Defects in F11 are the cause of factor XI deficiency (FA11D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/612416 612416]; also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency or Rosenthal syndrome. It is a hemorrhagic disease characterized by reduced levels and activity of factor XI resulting in moderate bleeding symptoms, usually occurring after trauma or surgery. Patients usually do not present spontaneous bleeding but women can present with menorrhagia. Hemorrhages are usually moderate.<ref>PMID:2813350</ref> <ref>PMID:1547342</ref> <ref>PMID:7888672</ref> <ref>PMID:7669672</ref> <ref>PMID:9401068</ref> <ref>PMID:9787168</ref> <ref>PMID:10027710</ref> <ref>PMID:10606881</ref> <ref>PMID:11895778</ref> <ref>PMID:15026311</ref> <ref>PMID:15180874</ref> <ref>PMID:15953011</ref> <ref>PMID:16607084</ref> <ref>PMID:18005151</ref> <ref>PMID:21668437</ref> <ref>PMID:21457405</ref> <ref>PMID:22016685</ref> <ref>PMID:22322133</ref> <ref>PMID:21999818</ref> <ref>PMID:22159456</ref>  
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FA11_HUMAN FA11_HUMAN]] Factor XI triggers the middle phase of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by activating factor IX. [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A4_HUMAN A4_HUMAN]] Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu(2+)-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV. The splice isoforms that contain the BPTI domain possess protease inhibitor activity. Induces a AGER-dependent pathway that involves activation of p38 MAPK, resulting in internalization of amyloid-beta peptide and leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cortical neurons. Provides Cu(2+) ions for GPC1 which are required for release of nitric oxide (NO) and subsequent degradation of the heparan sulfate chains on GPC1.<ref>PMID:9168929</ref> <ref>PMID:11544248</ref> <ref>PMID:11943163</ref> <ref>PMID:19225519</ref> <ref>PMID:19901339</ref>  Beta-amyloid peptides are lipophilic metal chelators with metal-reducing activity. Bind transient metals such as copper, zinc and iron. In vitro, can reduce Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) to Cu(+) and Fe(2+), respectively. Beta-amyloid 42 is a more effective reductant than beta-amyloid 40. Beta-amyloid peptides bind to lipoproteins and apolipoproteins E and J in the CSF and to HDL particles in plasma, inhibiting metal-catalyzed oxidation of lipoproteins. Beta-APP42 may activate mononuclear phagocytes in the brain and elicit inflammatory responses. Promotes both tau aggregation and TPK II-mediated phosphorylation. Interaction with Also bind GPC1 in lipid rafts.<ref>PMID:9168929</ref> <ref>PMID:11544248</ref> <ref>PMID:11943163</ref> <ref>PMID:19225519</ref> <ref>PMID:19901339</ref>  Appicans elicit adhesion of neural cells to the extracellular matrix and may regulate neurite outgrowth in the brain (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9168929</ref> <ref>PMID:11544248</ref> <ref>PMID:11943163</ref> <ref>PMID:19225519</ref> <ref>PMID:19901339</ref>  The gamma-CTF peptides as well as the caspase-cleaved peptides, including C31, are potent enhancers of neuronal apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9168929</ref> <ref>PMID:11544248</ref> <ref>PMID:11943163</ref> <ref>PMID:19225519</ref> <ref>PMID:19901339</ref>  N-APP binds TNFRSF21 triggering caspase activation and degeneration of both neuronal cell bodies (via caspase-3) and axons (via caspase-6).<ref>PMID:9168929</ref> <ref>PMID:11544248</ref> <ref>PMID:11943163</ref> <ref>PMID:19225519</ref> <ref>PMID:19901339</ref> 
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FA11_HUMAN FA11_HUMAN] Factor XI triggers the middle phase of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by activating factor IX.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/zj/1zjd_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/zj/1zjd_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
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==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Factor XIa|Factor XIa]]
*[[Factor XIa 3D structures|Factor XIa 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Coagulation factor XIa]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Abdel-Meguid, S S]]
[[Category: Abdel-Meguid SS]]
[[Category: Babine, R E]]
[[Category: Babine RE]]
[[Category: Jin, L]]
[[Category: Jin L]]
[[Category: Navaneetham, D]]
[[Category: Navaneetham D]]
[[Category: Pandey, P]]
[[Category: Pandey P]]
[[Category: Strickler, J E]]
[[Category: Strickler JE]]
[[Category: Walsh, P N]]
[[Category: Walsh PN]]
[[Category: Blood clotting]]
[[Category: Coagulation factor xi]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Kunitz protease inhibitory domain]]
[[Category: Nexin ii]]

Latest revision as of 11:58, 6 November 2024

Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Domain of Coagulation Factor XI in Complex with Kunitz Protease Inhibitor Domain of Protease Nexin IICrystal Structure of the Catalytic Domain of Coagulation Factor XI in Complex with Kunitz Protease Inhibitor Domain of Protease Nexin II

Structural highlights

1zjd is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.6Å
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

FA11_HUMAN Defects in F11 are the cause of factor XI deficiency (FA11D) [MIM:612416; also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency or Rosenthal syndrome. It is a hemorrhagic disease characterized by reduced levels and activity of factor XI resulting in moderate bleeding symptoms, usually occurring after trauma or surgery. Patients usually do not present spontaneous bleeding but women can present with menorrhagia. Hemorrhages are usually moderate.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

Function

FA11_HUMAN Factor XI triggers the middle phase of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by activating factor IX.

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Factor XIa (FXIa) is a serine protease important for initiating the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Protease nexin 2 (PN2) is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor secreted by activated platelets and a physiologically important inhibitor of FXIa. Inhibition of FXIa by PN2 requires interactions between the two proteins that are confined to the catalytic domain of the enzyme and the Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) domain of PN2. Recombinant PN2KPI and a mutant form of the FXI catalytic domain (FXIac) were expressed in yeast, purified to homogeneity, co-crystallized, and the structure of the complex was solved at 2.6 angstroms (Protein Data Bank code 1ZJD). In this complex, PN2KPI has a characteristic, disulfide-stabilized double loop structure that fits into the FXIac active site. To determine the contributions of residues within PN2KPI to its inhibitory activity, selected point mutations in PN2KPI loop 1 11TGPCRAMISR20 and loop 2 34FYGGC38 were tested for their ability to inhibit FXIa. The P1 site mutation R15A completely abolished its ability to inhibit FXIa. IC50 values for the wild type protein and the remaining mutants were as follows: PN2KPI WT, 1.28 nM; P13A, 5.92 nM; M17A, 1.62 nM; S19A, 1.86 nM; R20A, 5.67 nM; F34A, 9.85 nM. The IC50 values for the M17A and S19A mutants were not significantly different from those obtained with wild type PN2KPI. These functional studies and activated partial thromboplastin time analysis validate predictions made from the PN2KPI-FXIac co-crystal structure and implicate PN2KPI residues, in descending order of importance, Arg15, Phe34, Pro13, and Arg20 in FXIa inhibition by PN2KPI.

Structural and mutational analyses of the molecular interactions between the catalytic domain of factor XIa and the Kunitz protease inhibitor domain of protease nexin 2.,Navaneetham D, Jin L, Pandey P, Strickler JE, Babine RE, Abdel-Meguid SS, Walsh PN J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36165-75. Epub 2005 Aug 6. PMID:16085935[21]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Asakai R, Chung DW, Ratnoff OD, Davie EW. Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) deficiency in Ashkenazi Jews is a bleeding disorder that can result from three types of point mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(20):7667-71. PMID:2813350
  2. ↑ Meijers JC, Davie EW, Chung DW. Expression of human blood coagulation factor XI: characterization of the defect in factor XI type III deficiency. Blood. 1992 Mar 15;79(6):1435-40. PMID:1547342
  3. ↑ Pugh RE, McVey JH, Tuddenham EG, Hancock JF. Six point mutations that cause factor XI deficiency. Blood. 1995 Mar 15;85(6):1509-16. PMID:7888672
  4. ↑ Imanaka Y, Lal K, Nishimura T, Bolton-Maggs PH, Tuddenham EG, McVey JH. Identification of two novel mutations in non-Jewish factor XI deficiency. Br J Haematol. 1995 Aug;90(4):916-20. PMID:7669672
  5. ↑ Wistinghausen B, Reischer A, Oddoux C, Ostrer H, Nardi M, Karpatkin M. Severe factor XI deficiency in an Arab family associated with a novel mutation in exon 11. Br J Haematol. 1997 Dec;99(3):575-7. PMID:9401068
  6. ↑ Martincic D, Zimmerman SA, Ware RE, Sun MF, Whitlock JA, Gailani D. Identification of mutations and polymorphisms in the factor XI genes of an African American family by dideoxyfingerprinting. Blood. 1998 Nov 1;92(9):3309-17. PMID:9787168
  7. ↑ Alhaq A, Mitchell M, Sethi M, Rahman S, Flynn G, Boulton P, Caeno G, Smith M, Savidge G. Identification of a novel mutation in a non-Jewish factor XI deficient kindred. Br J Haematol. 1999 Jan;104(1):44-9. PMID:10027710
  8. ↑ Mitchell M, Cutler J, Thompson S, Moore G, Jenkins Ap Rees E, Smith M, Savidge G, Alhaq A. Heterozygous factor XI deficiency associated with three novel mutations. Br J Haematol. 1999 Dec;107(4):763-5. PMID:10606881
  9. ↑ Zivelin A, Bauduer F, Ducout L, Peretz H, Rosenberg N, Yatuv R, Seligsohn U. Factor XI deficiency in French Basques is caused predominantly by an ancestral Cys38Arg mutation in the factor XI gene. Blood. 2002 Apr 1;99(7):2448-54. PMID:11895778
  10. ↑ Kravtsov DV, Wu W, Meijers JC, Sun MF, Blinder MA, Dang TP, Wang H, Gailani D. Dominant factor XI deficiency caused by mutations in the factor XI catalytic domain. Blood. 2004 Jul 1;104(1):128-34. Epub 2004 Mar 16. PMID:15026311 doi:10.1182/blood-2003-10-3530
  11. ↑ Dai L, Mitchell M, Carson P, Creagh D, Cutler J, Savidge G, Alhaq A. Severe factor XI deficiency caused by compound heterozygosity. Br J Haematol. 2004 Jun;125(6):817-8. PMID:15180874 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04979.x
  12. ↑ Hill M, McLeod F, Franks H, Gordon B, Dolan G. Genetic analysis in FXI deficiency: six novel mutations and the use of a polymerase chain reaction-based test to define a whole gene deletion. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):825-9. PMID:15953011 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05536.x
  13. ↑ Quelin F, Mathonnet F, Potentini-Esnault C, Trigui N, Peynet J, Bastenaire B, Guillon L, Bigel ML, Sauger A, Mazurier C, de Mazancourt P. Identification of five novel mutations in the factor XI gene (F11) of patients with factor XI deficiency. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2006 Jan;17(1):69-73. PMID:16607084 doi:10.1097/01.mbc.0000198054.50257.96
  14. ↑ Fard-Esfahani P, Lari GR, Ravanbod S, Mirkhani F, Allahyari M, Rassoulzadegan M, Ala F. Seven novel point mutations in the F11 gene in Iranian FXI-deficient patients. Haemophilia. 2008 Jan;14(1):91-5. Epub 2007 Nov 13. PMID:18005151 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01593.x
  15. ↑ Kim J, Song J, Lyu CJ, Kim YR, Oh SH, Choi YC, Yoo JH, Choi JR, Kim H, Lee KA. Population-specific spectrum of the F11 mutations in Koreans: evidence for a founder effect. Clin Genet. 2012 Aug;82(2):180-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01732.x. Epub, 2011 Jun 30. PMID:21668437 doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01732.x
  16. ↑ Dai L, Rangarajan S, Mitchell M. Three dominant-negative mutations in factor XI-deficient patients. Haemophilia. 2011 Sep;17(5):e919-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02519.x. Epub , 2011 Apr 3. PMID:21457405 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02519.x
  17. ↑ Lee JH, Cho HS, Hyun MS, Kim HY, Kim HJ. A novel missense mutation Asp506Gly in Exon 13 of the F11 gene in an asymptomatic Korean woman with mild factor XI deficiency. Korean J Lab Med. 2011 Oct;31(4):290-3. doi: 10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.4.290. Epub, 2011 Oct 3. PMID:22016685 doi:10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.4.290
  18. ↑ Tirefort Y, Uhr MR, Neerman-Arbez M, de Moerloose P. Identification of a novel F11 missense mutation (Ile463Ser) in a family with congenital factor XI deficiency. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2012 Apr;23(3):251-2. doi:, 10.1097/MBC.0b013e32834ea02a. PMID:22322133 doi:10.1097/MBC.0b013e32834ea02a
  19. ↑ Girolami A, Scarparo P, Bonamigo E, Santarossa L, Cristiani A, Moro S, Lombardi AM. A cluster of factor XI-deficient patients due to a new mutation (Ile 436 Lys) in northeastern Italy. Eur J Haematol. 2012 Mar;88(3):229-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01723.x., Epub 2011 Nov 17. PMID:21999818 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01723.x
  20. ↑ Gueguen P, Chauvin A, Quemener-Redon S, Pan-Petesch B, Ferec C, Abgrall JF, Le Marechal C. Revisiting the molecular epidemiology of factor XI deficiency: nine new mutations and an original large 4qTer deletion in western Brittany (France). Thromb Haemost. 2012 Jan;107(1):44-50. doi: 10.1160/TH11-06-0415. Epub 2011 Dec, 8. PMID:22159456 doi:10.1160/TH11-06-0415
  21. ↑ Navaneetham D, Jin L, Pandey P, Strickler JE, Babine RE, Abdel-Meguid SS, Walsh PN. Structural and mutational analyses of the molecular interactions between the catalytic domain of factor XIa and the Kunitz protease inhibitor domain of protease nexin 2. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36165-75. Epub 2005 Aug 6. PMID:16085935 doi:10.1074/jbc.M504990200

1zjd, resolution 2.60Å

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