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==Crystal structure of thrombin in complex with compound 1==
==Crystal structure of thrombin in complex with compound 1==
<StructureSection load='1ta2' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1ta2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.30&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1ta2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1ta2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.30&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ta2]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudo_medicinalis Hirudo medicinalis]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1TA2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1TA2 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1ta2]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudo_medicinalis Hirudo medicinalis] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1TA2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1TA2 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=176:1-(2-AMINO-3,3-DIPHENYL-PROPIONYL)-PYRROLIDINE-3-CARBOXYLIC+ACID+2,5-DICHLORO-BENZYLAMIDE'>176</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.3&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=TYS:O-SULFO-L-TYROSINE'>TYS</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=176:1-(2-AMINO-3,3-DIPHENYL-PROPIONYL)-PYRROLIDINE-3-CARBOXYLIC+ACID+2,5-DICHLORO-BENZYLAMIDE'>176</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TYS:O-SULFO-L-TYROSINE'>TYS</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1sl3|1sl3]], [[1ta6|1ta6]]</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ta2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ta2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1ta2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ta2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ta2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1ta2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin Thrombin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.21.5 3.4.21.5] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ta2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1ta2 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1ta2 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1ta2 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1ta2 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN]] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613679 613679]]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.<ref>PMID:14962227</ref> <ref>PMID:6405779</ref> <ref>PMID:3771562</ref> <ref>PMID:3567158</ref> <ref>PMID:3801671</ref> <ref>PMID:3242619</ref> <ref>PMID:2719946</ref> <ref>PMID:1354985</ref> <ref>PMID:1421398</ref> <ref>PMID:1349838</ref> <ref>PMID:7865694</ref> <ref>PMID:7792730</ref>  Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/601367 601367]]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.<ref>PMID:15534175</ref>  Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/188050 188050]]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis.  Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/614390 614390]]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.<ref>PMID:11506076</ref> 
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN]] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.<ref>PMID:2856554</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HIR2_HIRME HIR2_HIRME]] Hirudin is a potent thrombin-specific protease inhibitor. It forms a stable non-covalent complex with alpha-thrombin, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave fibrinogen.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ta/1ta2_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ta/1ta2_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
   </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1ta2 ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Hirudin|Hirudin]]
*[[Hirudin 3D structures|Hirudin 3D structures]]
*[[Thrombin|Thrombin]]
*[[Thrombin 3D Structures|Thrombin 3D Structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Hirudo medicinalis]]
[[Category: Hirudo medicinalis]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Thrombin]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Baskin, E P]]
[[Category: Baskin EP]]
[[Category: Brady, S F]]
[[Category: Brady SF]]
[[Category: Chen, I W]]
[[Category: Chen I-W]]
[[Category: Cook, J J]]
[[Category: Cook JJ]]
[[Category: Cooper, C M]]
[[Category: Cooper CM]]
[[Category: Dancheck, K B]]
[[Category: Dancheck KB]]
[[Category: Gardel, S J]]
[[Category: Gardel SJ]]
[[Category: Holahan, M A]]
[[Category: Holahan MA]]
[[Category: Krueger, J A]]
[[Category: Krueger JA]]
[[Category: Lewis, S D]]
[[Category: Lewis SD]]
[[Category: Lucas, B Y]]
[[Category: Lucas BY]]
[[Category: Lumma, W C]]
[[Category: Lumma WC]]
[[Category: Lyle, E A]]
[[Category: Lyle EA]]
[[Category: Lynch, J J]]
[[Category: Lynch JJ]]
[[Category: Naylor-Olsen, A M]]
[[Category: Naylor-Olsen AM]]
[[Category: Sisko, J T]]
[[Category: Sisko JT]]
[[Category: Stauffer, K J]]
[[Category: Stauffer KJ]]
[[Category: Stranieri, M T]]
[[Category: Stranieri MT]]
[[Category: Tucker, T J]]
[[Category: Tucker TJ]]
[[Category: Vacca, J P]]
[[Category: Vacca JP]]
[[Category: Yan, Y]]
[[Category: Yan Y]]
[[Category: Blood clotting]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex]]
[[Category: Thrombin inhibitor complex]]

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