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[[Image:2j32.jpg|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2j32|  PDB=2j32  |  SCENE=  }}
'''THE ROLE OF LOOP BUNDLE HYDROGEN BONDS IN THE MATURATION AND ACTIVITY OF(PRO)CASPASE-3'''


==The Role of Loop Bundle Hydrogen Bonds in the Maturation and Activity of(Pro)caspase-3==
<StructureSection load='2j32' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2j32]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.30&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2j32]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_construct Synthetic construct]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2J32 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2J32 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.3&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=0QE:CHLOROMETHANE'>0QE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ACE:ACETYL+GROUP'>ACE</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2j32 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2j32 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2j32 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2j32 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2j32 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2j32 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CASP3_HUMAN CASP3_HUMAN] Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a '216-Asp-|-Gly-217' bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Involved in the cleavage of huntingtin. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage.<ref>PMID:7596430</ref> <ref>PMID:21357690</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/j3/2j32_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2j32 ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
During maturation, procaspase-3 is cleaved at D175, which resides in a linker that connects the large and small subunits. The intersubunit linker also connects two active site loops that rearrange following cleavage and, in part, form the so-called loop bundle. As a result of chain cleavage, new hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts form among three active site loops. The new interactions are predicted to stabilize the active site. One unresolved issue is the extent to which the loop bundle residues also stabilize the procaspase active site. We examined the effects of replacing four loop bundle residues (E167, D169, E173, and Y203) on the biochemical and structural properties of the (pro)caspase. We show that replacing the residues affects the activity of the procaspase as well as the mature caspase, with D169A and E167A replacements having the largest effects. Replacement of D169 prevents caspase-3 autoactivation, and its cleavage at D175 no longer leads to an active enzyme. In addition, the E173A mutation, when coupled to a second mutation in the procaspase, D175A, may alter the substrate specificity of the procaspase. The mutations affected the active site environment as assessed by changes in fluorescence emission, accessibility to quencher, and cleavage by either trypsin or V8 proteases. High-resolution X-ray crystallographic structures of E167A, D173A, and Y203F caspases show that changes in the active site environment may be due to the increased flexibility of several residues in the N-terminus of the small subunit. Overall, the results show that these residues are important for stabilizing the procaspase active site as well as that of the mature caspase.


==Overview==
Role of loop bundle hydrogen bonds in the maturation and activity of (Pro)caspase-3.,Feeney B, Pop C, Swartz P, Mattos C, Clark AC Biochemistry. 2006 Nov 7;45(44):13249-63. PMID:17073446<ref>PMID:17073446</ref>
During maturation, procaspase-3 is cleaved at D175, which resides in a linker that connects the large and small subunits. The intersubunit linker also connects two active site loops that rearrange following cleavage and, in part, form the so-called loop bundle. As a result of chain cleavage, new hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts form among three active site loops. The new interactions are predicted to stabilize the active site. One unresolved issue is the extent to which the loop bundle residues also stabilize the procaspase active site. We examined the effects of replacing four loop bundle residues (E167, D169, E173, and Y203) on the biochemical and structural properties of the (pro)caspase. We show that replacing the residues affects the activity of the procaspase as well as the mature caspase, with D169A and E167A replacements having the largest effects. Replacement of D169 prevents caspase-3 autoactivation, and its cleavage at D175 no longer leads to an active enzyme. In addition, the E173A mutation, when coupled to a second mutation in the procaspase, D175A, may alter the substrate specificity of the procaspase. The mutations affected the active site environment as assessed by changes in fluorescence emission, accessibility to quencher, and cleavage by either trypsin or V8 proteases. High-resolution X-ray crystallographic structures of E167A, D173A, and Y203F caspases show that changes in the active site environment may be due to the increased flexibility of several residues in the N-terminus of the small subunit. Overall, the results show that these residues are important for stabilizing the procaspase active site as well as that of the mature caspase.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2J32 is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2J32 OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2j32" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Role of loop bundle hydrogen bonds in the maturation and activity of (Pro)caspase-3., Feeney B, Pop C, Swartz P, Mattos C, Clark AC, Biochemistry. 2006 Nov 7;45(44):13249-63. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17073446 17073446]
*[[Caspase 3D structures|Caspase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Clark, A C.]]
[[Category: Synthetic construct]]
[[Category: Feeney, B.]]
[[Category: Clark AC]]
[[Category: Mattos, C.]]
[[Category: Feeney B]]
[[Category: Pop, C.]]
[[Category: Mattos C]]
[[Category: Swartz, P.]]
[[Category: Pop C]]
[[Category: Apoptosis]]
[[Category: Swartz P]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Lipoprotein]]
[[Category: Phosphorylation]]
[[Category: Polymorphism]]
[[Category: Pro-caspase3 mutant e173a]]
[[Category: Protease]]
[[Category: Receptor]]
[[Category: Thiol protease]]
[[Category: Zymogen]]
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