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==Thermodynamic Optimisation of Carbonic Anhydrase Fragment Inhibitors==
==Thermodynamic Optimisation of Carbonic Anhydrase Fragment Inhibitors==
<StructureSection load='2weo' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2weo]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.40&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='2weo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2weo]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.40&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2weo]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2WEO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2WEO FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2weo]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2WEO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2WEO FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FBW:3-FLUOROBENZENESULFONAMIDE'>FBW</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.4&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1okl|1okl]], [[1i9q|1i9q]], [[2wej|2wej]], [[1zfq|1zfq]], [[1if7|1if7]], [[1cam|1cam]], [[1t9n|1t9n]], [[1cnw|1cnw]], [[1okn|1okn]], [[1f2w|1f2w]], [[1g52|1g52]], [[2h4n|2h4n]], [[1bnm|1bnm]], [[1cnh|1cnh]], [[1bnq|1bnq]], [[1ugc|1ugc]], [[1xev|1xev]], [[1ugg|1ugg]], [[1if9|1if9]], [[1g53|1g53]], [[1fqm|1fqm]], [[1ca2|1ca2]], [[1cal|1cal]], [[1fql|1fql]], [[1i9n|1i9n]], [[1g4o|1g4o]], [[2cba|2cba]], [[1ydc|1ydc]], [[1ccs|1ccs]], [[1lzv|1lzv]], [[1bnv|1bnv]], [[1fqr|1fqr]], [[1rzb|1rzb]], [[1a42|1a42]], [[1th9|1th9]], [[1zsb|1zsb]], [[1cnb|1cnb]], [[1hed|1hed]], [[1i8z|1i8z]], [[1g48|1g48]], [[1lg5|1lg5]], [[1bv3|1bv3]], [[1g0f|1g0f]], [[1tg3|1tg3]], [[1cvc|1cvc]], [[1ugd|1ugd]], [[1i90|1i90]], [[1yo0|1yo0]], [[2wd3|2wd3]], [[1fsn|1fsn]], [[1hva|1hva]], [[1rze|1rze]], [[1ugb|1ugb]], [[1z9y|1z9y]], [[2weh|2weh]], [[2fmz|2fmz]], [[1cnk|1cnk]], [[1bn1|1bn1]], [[1teq|1teq]], [[1rza|1rza]], [[2vvb|2vvb]], [[1ccu|1ccu]], [[1i9l|1i9l]], [[2cbc|2cbc]], [[1g46|1g46]], [[1cvb|1cvb]], [[1cao|1cao]], [[1fsq|1fsq]], [[6ca2|6ca2]], [[5ca2|5ca2]], [[1g1d|1g1d]], [[1caj|1caj]], [[1cvf|1cvf]], [[2fou|2fou]], [[1lgd|1lgd]], [[1if6|1if6]], [[1bn4|1bn4]], [[1teu|1teu]], [[1cra|1cra]], [[1ze8|1ze8]], [[1if4|1if4]], [[1hea|1hea]], [[1hca|1hca]], [[1cah|1cah]], [[1g4j|1g4j]], [[1raz|1raz]], [[1kwq|1kwq]], [[1cim|1cim]], [[1cvh|1cvh]], [[1if8|1if8]], [[1cin|1cin]], [[1i9m|1i9m]], [[1zfk|1zfk]], [[1fqn|1fqn]], [[1zsa|1zsa]], [[1lg6|1lg6]], [[1cnc|1cnc]], [[1bnn|1bnn]], [[1uga|1uga]], [[2foq|2foq]], [[1tb0|1tb0]], [[1cai|1cai]], [[2ax2|2ax2]], [[1dcb|1dcb]], [[1cnx|1cnx]], [[2hd6|2hd6]], [[5cac|5cac]], [[4cac|4cac]], [[1ttm|1ttm]], [[1cak|1cak]], [[1i9o|1i9o]], [[1cni|1cni]], [[1can|1can]], [[2eu3|2eu3]], [[1yda|1yda]], [[2wd2|2wd2]], [[1yo2|1yo2]], [[1eou|1eou]], [[1mua|1mua]], [[2ca2|2ca2]], [[1cct|1cct]], [[2abe|2abe]], [[1oq5|1oq5]], [[1rzc|1rzc]], [[1ugf|1ugf]], [[2cbe|2cbe]], [[1thk|1thk]], [[1kwr|1kwr]], [[1zgf|1zgf]], [[1cay|1cay]], [[1moo|1moo]], [[1cng|1cng]], [[1hec|1hec]], [[2ez7|2ez7]], [[8ca2|8ca2]], [[9ca2|9ca2]], [[1fr7|1fr7]], [[1zh9|1zh9]], [[1ydd|1ydd]], [[1bic|1bic]], [[1lug|1lug]], [[1caz|1caz]], [[1cvd|1cvd]], [[7ca2|7ca2]], [[1fr4|1fr4]], [[1cil|1cil]], [[4ca2|4ca2]], [[2geh|2geh]], [[1g45|1g45]], [[1ydb|1ydb]], [[1dca|1dca]], [[1fsr|1fsr]], [[2cbb|2cbb]], [[1i9p|1i9p]], [[12ca|12ca]], [[1avn|1avn]], [[1bcd|1bcd]], [[1am6|1am6]], [[1i91|1i91]], [[1cve|1cve]], [[1g3z|1g3z]], [[1heb|1heb]], [[2cbd|2cbd]], [[1zsc|1zsc]], [[2weg|2weg]], [[3ca2|3ca2]], [[1bnu|1bnu]], [[1zge|1zge]], [[1bnw|1bnw]], [[2fov|2fov]], [[1te3|1te3]], [[1bnt|1bnt]], [[1if5|1if5]], [[1yo1|1yo1]], [[1rzd|1rzd]], [[1g54|1g54]], [[1uge|1uge]], [[1g0e|1g0e]], [[2fmg|2fmg]], [[1ray|1ray]], [[1cva|1cva]], [[1ca3|1ca3]], [[2eu2|2eu2]], [[1tg9|1tg9]], [[1tbt|1tbt]], [[1xeg|1xeg]], [[1bn3|1bn3]], [[1okm|1okm]], [[1cny|1cny]], [[1cnj|1cnj]], [[1h9n|1h9n]], [[2vva|2vva]], [[2aw1|2aw1]], [[1h4n|1h4n]], [[2fos|2fos]], [[1h9q|1h9q]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FBW:3-FLUOROBENZENESULFONAMIDE'>FBW</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_dehydratase Carbonate dehydratase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=4.2.1.1 4.2.1.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2weo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2weo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2weo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2weo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2weo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2weo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2weo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2weo OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2weo PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2weo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2weo PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2weo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref>  
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Carbonic anhydrase|Carbonic anhydrase]]
*[[Carbonic anhydrase 3D structures|Carbonic anhydrase 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Carbonate dehydratase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Alex, A]]
[[Category: Alex A]]
[[Category: Bent, A]]
[[Category: Bent A]]
[[Category: Brien, R O]]
[[Category: Damian L]]
[[Category: Damian, L]]
[[Category: Jones LH]]
[[Category: Jones, L H]]
[[Category: O'Brien R]]
[[Category: Phillips, C]]
[[Category: Phillips C]]
[[Category: Scott, A D]]
[[Category: Scott AD]]
[[Category: Acetylation]]
[[Category: Cytoplasm]]
[[Category: Disease mutation]]
[[Category: Lyase]]
[[Category: Metal-binding]]
[[Category: Polymorphism]]
[[Category: Zinc]]

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