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[[Image:2c1x.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2c1x|  PDB=2c1x  |  SCENE=  }}
'''STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF A FLAVONOID 3-O GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE REVEALS THE BASIS FOR PLANT NATURAL PRODUCT MODIFICATION'''


==Structure and activity of a flavonoid 3-O glucosyltransferase reveals the basis for plant natural product modification==
<StructureSection load='2c1x' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2c1x]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2c1x]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis_vinifera Vitis vinifera]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2C1X OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2C1X FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=B3P:2-[3-(2-HYDROXY-1,1-DIHYDROXYMETHYL-ETHYLAMINO)-PROPYLAMINO]-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-PROPANE-1,3-DIOL'>B3P</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=UDP:URIDINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>UDP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2c1x FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2c1x OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2c1x PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2c1x RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2c1x PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2c1x ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UFOG_VITVI UFOG_VITVI] In the presence of other necessary color factors, this glycosylation reaction allows the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments. Involved in the formation of red wine pigments. Can use UDP-Glc, UDP-5SGlc, UDP-Xyl, UDP-Man, UDP-Gal, UDP-GlcNAc, GDP-Glc, dTDP-Glc and dTDP-Xyl as sugar donor, but not UDP-6OMeGal, UDP-Ara, UDP-6FGal, UDP-GlcN, UDP-2FGal, UDP-5SAra, GDP-Man, GDPFuc, UDP-Fuc or UDP-Rha. Cyanidin is the natural acceptor, but quercitin and kaempferol can also be glucosylated.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/c1/2c1x_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2c1x ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Glycosylation is a key mechanism for orchestrating the bioactivity, metabolism and location of small molecules in living cells. In plants, a large multigene family of glycosyltransferases is involved in these processes, conjugating hormones, secondary metabolites, biotic and abiotic environmental toxins, to impact directly on cellular homeostasis. The red grape enzyme UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (VvGT1) is responsible for the formation of anthocyanins, the health-promoting compounds which, in planta, function as colourants determining flower and fruit colour and are precursors for the formation of pigmented polymers in red wine. We show that VvGT1 is active, in vitro, on a range of flavonoids. VvGT1 is somewhat promiscuous with respect to donor sugar specificity as dissected through full kinetics on a panel of nine sugar donors. The three-dimensional structure of VvGT1 has also been determined, both in its 'Michaelis' complex with a UDP-glucose-derived donor and the acceptor kaempferol and in complex with UDP and quercetin. These structures, in tandem with kinetic dissection of activity, provide the foundation for understanding the mechanism of these enzymes in small molecule homeostasis.


==Overview==
Structure of a flavonoid glucosyltransferase reveals the basis for plant natural product modification.,Offen W, Martinez-Fleites C, Yang M, Kiat-Lim E, Davis BG, Tarling CA, Ford CM, Bowles DJ, Davies GJ EMBO J. 2006 Mar 22;25(6):1396-405. Epub 2006 Feb 16. PMID:16482224<ref>PMID:16482224</ref>
Glycosylation is a key mechanism for orchestrating the bioactivity, metabolism and location of small molecules in living cells. In plants, a large multigene family of glycosyltransferases is involved in these processes, conjugating hormones, secondary metabolites, biotic and abiotic environmental toxins, to impact directly on cellular homeostasis. The red grape enzyme UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (VvGT1) is responsible for the formation of anthocyanins, the health-promoting compounds which, in planta, function as colourants determining flower and fruit colour and are precursors for the formation of pigmented polymers in red wine. We show that VvGT1 is active, in vitro, on a range of flavonoids. VvGT1 is somewhat promiscuous with respect to donor sugar specificity as dissected through full kinetics on a panel of nine sugar donors. The three-dimensional structure of VvGT1 has also been determined, both in its 'Michaelis' complex with a UDP-glucose-derived donor and the acceptor kaempferol and in complex with UDP and quercetin. These structures, in tandem with kinetic dissection of activity, provide the foundation for understanding the mechanism of these enzymes in small molecule homeostasis.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2C1X is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis_vinifera Vitis vinifera]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2C1X OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2c1x" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Structure of a flavonoid glucosyltransferase reveals the basis for plant natural product modification., Offen W, Martinez-Fleites C, Yang M, Kiat-Lim E, Davis BG, Tarling CA, Ford CM, Bowles DJ, Davies GJ, EMBO J. 2006 Mar 22;25(6):1396-405. Epub 2006 Feb 16. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16482224 16482224]
*[[Glycosyltransferase 3D structures|Glycosyltransferase 3D structures]]
[[Category: Flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase]]
== References ==
[[Category: Single protein]]
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Vitis vinifera]]
[[Category: Vitis vinifera]]
[[Category: Bowles, D J.]]
[[Category: Bowles DJ]]
[[Category: Davies, G J.]]
[[Category: Davies GJ]]
[[Category: Davis, B G.]]
[[Category: Davis BG]]
[[Category: Ford, C M.]]
[[Category: Ford CM]]
[[Category: Kiat-Lim, E.]]
[[Category: Kiat-Lim E]]
[[Category: Martinez-Fleites, C.]]
[[Category: Martinez-Fleites C]]
[[Category: Offen, W.]]
[[Category: Offen W]]
[[Category: Tarling, C A.]]
[[Category: Tarling CA]]
[[Category: Yang, M.]]
[[Category: Yang M]]
[[Category: Catalysis]]
[[Category: Flavonoid]]
[[Category: Glycosylation]]
[[Category: Glycosyltransferase]]
[[Category: Transferase]]
[[Category: Wine]]
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