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==Structure of StnII-Y111N, a mutant of the sea anemone actinoporin Sticholysin II==
==Structure of StnII-Y111N, a mutant of the sea anemone actinoporin Sticholysin II==
<StructureSection load='2l2b' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2l2b]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 20 NMR models]]' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='2l2b' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2l2b]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2l2b]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stihl Stihl]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2L2B OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2L2B FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2l2b]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichodactyla_helianthus Stichodactyla helianthus]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2L2B OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2L2B FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2l2b FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2l2b OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2l2b PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2l2b RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2l2b PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2l2b ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2l2b FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2l2b OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2l2b PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2l2b RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2l2b PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2l2b ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACTP2_STOHE ACTP2_STOHE]] Pore-forming protein that forms cations-selective hydrophilic pores of around 1 nm and causes cardiac stimulation and hemolysis. Pore formation is a multi-step process that involves specific recognition of membrane sphingomyelin (but neither cholesterol nor phosphatidylcholine) using aromatic rich region and adjacent phosphocholine (POC) binding site, firm binding to the membrane (mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions) accompanied by the transfer of the N-terminal region to the lipid-water interface and finally pore formation after oligomerization of several monomers. Cytolytic effects include red blood cells hemolysis, platelet aggregation and lysis, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on fibroblasts. Lethality in mammals has been ascribed to severe vasospasm of coronary vessels, cardiac arrhythmia, and inotropic effects.<ref>PMID:10978735</ref> <ref>PMID:11478962</ref> 
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACTP2_STIHL ACTP2_STIHL] Pore-forming protein that forms cations-selective hydrophilic pores of around 1 nm and causes cardiac stimulation and hemolysis. Pore formation is a multi-step process that involves specific recognition of membrane sphingomyelin (but neither cholesterol nor phosphatidylcholine) using aromatic rich region and adjacent phosphocholine (POC) binding site, firm binding to the membrane (mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions) accompanied by the transfer of the N-terminal region to the lipid-water interface and finally pore formation after oligomerization of several monomers. Cytolytic effects include red blood cells hemolysis, platelet aggregation and lysis, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on fibroblasts. Lethality in mammals has been ascribed to severe vasospasm of coronary vessels, cardiac arrhythmia, and inotropic effects.<ref>PMID:10978735</ref> <ref>PMID:11478962</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Actinoporins are a family of sea anemone proteins that bind to membranes and produce functional pores which result in cell lysis. Actinoporin variants with decreased lytic activity usually show a reduced affinity for membranes. However, for some of these mutant versions there is no direct correlation between the loss of binding affinity and the decrease in their overall lytic activity, suggesting that other steps in pore formation may be hampered or facilitated by the mutations. To test this hypothesis on the mechanism of pore formation by this interesting family of proteins, structural and dynamic NMR studies have been carried out on two disabled variants of the actinoporin Sticholysin II, R29Q and Y111N. It is shown that their lytic activity is not only related to their membrane affinity but also to their conformational mechanism for membrane insertion. Alterations in their activities can be explained by structural, electrostatic and dynamic differences in a cluster of aromatic moieties and the N-terminus. In addition, the dynamic properties of some segments located at the C-terminus of the R29Q variant suggest a relevant role for this region in terms of protein-protein interactions. On the basis of all these results, we propose that R29 anchors a network of electrostatic interactions crucial for the actinoporin's approach to the membrane and that Y111 induces a necessary disorder in the loop regions that bind to membranes.
 
Intrinsic local disorder and a network of charge-charge interactions are key to actinoporin membrane disruption and cytotoxicity.,Pardo-Cea MA, Castrillo I, Alegre-Cebollada J, Martinez-Del-Pozo A, Gavilanes JG, Bruix M FEBS J. 2011 Apr 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08123.x. PMID:21481191<ref>PMID:21481191</ref>
 
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2l2b" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Cytolysin|Cytolysin]]
*[[Cytolysin 3D structures|Cytolysin 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Stihl]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Bruix, M]]
[[Category: Stichodactyla helianthus]]
[[Category: Pardo-Cea, M A]]
[[Category: Bruix M]]
[[Category: Santoro, J]]
[[Category: Pardo-Cea MA]]
[[Category: Actinoporin sticholysin variant]]
[[Category: Santoro J]]
[[Category: Pore forming toxin]]
[[Category: Toxin]]

Latest revision as of 09:51, 1 May 2024

Structure of StnII-Y111N, a mutant of the sea anemone actinoporin Sticholysin IIStructure of StnII-Y111N, a mutant of the sea anemone actinoporin Sticholysin II

Structural highlights

2l2b is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Stichodactyla helianthus. Full experimental information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:Solution NMR
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

ACTP2_STIHL Pore-forming protein that forms cations-selective hydrophilic pores of around 1 nm and causes cardiac stimulation and hemolysis. Pore formation is a multi-step process that involves specific recognition of membrane sphingomyelin (but neither cholesterol nor phosphatidylcholine) using aromatic rich region and adjacent phosphocholine (POC) binding site, firm binding to the membrane (mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions) accompanied by the transfer of the N-terminal region to the lipid-water interface and finally pore formation after oligomerization of several monomers. Cytolytic effects include red blood cells hemolysis, platelet aggregation and lysis, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on fibroblasts. Lethality in mammals has been ascribed to severe vasospasm of coronary vessels, cardiac arrhythmia, and inotropic effects.[1] [2]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Lanio ME, Morera V, Alvarez C, Tejuca M, Gomez T, Pazos F, Besada V, Martinez D, Huerta V, Padron G, de los Angeles Chavez M. Purification and characterization of two hemolysins from Stichodactyla helianthus. Toxicon. 2001 Feb-Mar;39(2-3):187-94. PMID:10978735
  2. ↑ Martinez D, Campos AM, Pazos F, Alvarez C, Lanio ME, Casallanovo F, Schreier S, Salinas RK, Vergara C, Lissi E. Properties of St I and St II, two isotoxins isolated from Stichodactyla helianthus: a comparison. Toxicon. 2001 Oct;39(10):1547-60. PMID:11478962
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