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| ==Calmodulin, C-terminal domain, F92E mutant== | | ==Calmodulin, C-terminal domain, F92E mutant== |
| <StructureSection load='2kz2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2kz2]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 20 NMR models]]' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='2kz2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2kz2]]' scene=''> |
| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2kz2]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick Chick]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2KZ2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2KZ2 FirstGlance]. <br> | | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2kz2]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallus_gallus Gallus gallus]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2KZ2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2KZ2 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene></td></tr> | | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr> |
| <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CALM, CAM, RCJMB04_24e7 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9031 CHICK])</td></tr> | | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene></td></tr> |
| <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2kz2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2kz2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2kz2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2kz2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2kz2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2kz2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2kz2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2kz2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2kz2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2kz2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2kz2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2kz2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| </table> | | </table> |
| == Function == | | == Function == |
| [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CALM_CHICK CALM_CHICK]] Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases.
| | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CALM_CHICK CALM_CHICK] Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. |
| <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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| == Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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| The active sites of enzymes are lined with side chains whose dynamic, geometric, and chemical properties have been finely tuned relative to the corresponding residues in water. For example, the carboxylates of glutamate and aspartate are weakly basic in water but become strongly basic when dehydrated in enzymatic sites. The dehydration of the carboxylate, although intrinsically thermodynamically unfavorable, is achieved by harnessing the free energy of folding and substrate binding to reach the required basicity. Allosterically regulated enzymes additionally rely on the free energy of ligand binding to stabilize the protein in a catalytically competent state. We demonstrate the interplay of protein folding energetics and functional group tuning to convert calmodulin (CaM), a regulatory binding protein, into AlleyCat, an allosterically controlled eliminase. Upon binding Ca(II), native CaM opens a hydrophobic pocket on each of its domains. We computationally identified a mutant that (i) accommodates carboxylate as a general base within these pockets, (ii) interacts productively in the Michaelis complex with the substrate, and (iii) stabilizes the transition state for the reaction. Remarkably, a single mutation of an apolar residue at the bottom of an otherwise hydrophobic cavity confers catalytic activity on calmodulin. AlleyCat showed the expected pH-rate profile, and it was inactivated by mutation of its active site Glu to Gln. A variety of control mutants demonstrated the specificity of the design. The activity of this minimal 75-residue allosterically regulated catalyst is similar to that obtained using more elaborate computational approaches to redesign complex enzymes to catalyze the Kemp elimination reaction.
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| Design of a switchable eliminase.,Korendovych IV, Kulp DW, Wu Y, Cheng H, Roder H, DeGrado WF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 26;108(17):6823-7. Epub 2011 Apr 11. PMID:21482808<ref>PMID:21482808</ref>
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| From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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| </div>
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| <div class="pdbe-citations 2kz2" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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| ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| *[[Calmodulin 3D structures|Calmodulin 3D structures]] | | *[[Calmodulin 3D structures|Calmodulin 3D structures]] |
| == References ==
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| <references/>
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| __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| [[Category: Chick]] | | [[Category: Gallus gallus]] |
| [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| [[Category: Cheng, H]] | | [[Category: Cheng H]] |
| [[Category: DeGrado, W]] | | [[Category: DeGrado W]] |
| [[Category: Korendovych, I]] | | [[Category: Korendovych I]] |
| [[Category: Kulp, D]] | | [[Category: Kulp D]] |
| [[Category: Roder, H]] | | [[Category: Roder H]] |
| [[Category: Wu, Y]] | | [[Category: Wu Y]] |
| [[Category: Calmodulin]]
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| [[Category: Metal binding protein]]
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| [[Category: Tr2c]]
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